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After supplying Peroxidizer highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide gas delivery systems since 2013, industrial gas company Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp (TNSC) of Tokyo, Japan (part of Nippon Sanso Holdings Group) has added to the BRUTE suite of chemicals by beginning to sell BRUTE Peroxide in Japan...

Modern bomber jets represent the pinnacle of aerospace engineering, combining stealth, speed, payload capacity, and cutting-edge avionics. The evolution of these aircraft has been driven by the need for superior strategic deterrence, precision strikes, and the ability to operate in contested environments. Here’s a look at the top 10 bomber jets in the world as of 2025, ranked based on their technological capabilities, combat effectiveness, and future potential.

1. Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider (USA)

The B-21 Raider is the latest stealth bomber developed for the United States Air Force (USAF). Designed to replace the aging B-1B Lancer and B-2 Spirit, it features next-generation stealth technology, extended range, and AI-assisted avionics. The aircraft is optimized for both nuclear and conventional strikes, with the ability to penetrate sophisticated air defense systems. It is expected to enter service by the late 2020s.

2. Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit (USA)

The B-2 Spirit remains one of the most advanced stealth bombers ever built. Featuring a flying wing design, it can evade radar detection and deliver nuclear and conventional payloads. Though expensive to maintain, its strategic importance remains unparalleled.

3. Tupolev PAK DA (Russia)

Russia’s PAK DA, currently in development, is envisioned as a long-range stealth bomber capable of carrying hypersonic weapons. It will replace the Tu-160 and Tu-22M3 bombers, leveraging a flying wing design similar to the B-2 Spirit.

4. Tupolev Tu-160M2 (Russia)

The upgraded Tu-160M2 is an improved version of the Cold War-era Tu-160. It boasts advanced avionics, electronic warfare systems, and extended operational range, making it Russia’s premier supersonic strategic bomber.

5. Rockwell B-1B Lancer (USA)

Despite its age, the B-1B Lancer remains a formidable long-range bomber. With a variable-sweep wing design, it can reach supersonic speeds and carry a massive payload, including precision-guided munitions.

6. Xian H-20 (China)

China’s H-20 is expected to be a game-changer in strategic bombing. It is anticipated to feature advanced stealth, extended range, and the ability to deliver nuclear and conventional payloads deep into enemy territory.

7. Tupolev Tu-22M3M (Russia)

The Tu-22M3M is a modernized version of the Tu-22M3, featuring improved avionics, radar systems, and precision-guided missile capabilities. It plays a critical role in Russia’s tactical and strategic bombing operations.

8. Boeing B-52H Stratofortress (USA)

The legendary B-52H, first introduced in the 1950s, continues to serve as a backbone of the USAF’s bomber fleet. Modernized with advanced electronics and weaponry, it remains a highly effective platform for strategic operations.

9. Dassault Rafale F4 (France) – Tactical Bomber Variant

While primarily a multirole fighter, the Rafale F4 variant is equipped with advanced strike capabilities, making it a formidable tactical bomber. It carries nuclear-capable ASMP-A missiles, enhancing France’s strategic deterrence.

10. Su-34 Fullback (Russia)

The Su-34 is a tactical bomber with exceptional maneuverability and survivability. Designed for deep-strike missions, it boasts heavy payload capacity, modern avionics, and electronic warfare capabilities.

Conclusion

The evolution of bomber jets continues to shape global military strategies. While stealth and electronic warfare capabilities dominate future designs, legacy bombers remain critical with modernization programs. The coming decades will see further advancements in hypersonic weapon integration, AI-assisted operations, and next-gen stealth technologies, redefining the role of bombers in modern warfare.

The post Top 10 Bomber Jets in the World appeared first on ELE Times.

NEPCON China is the leading B2B event in the electronics assembly field. It brings
together leading industry brands, innovating new areas of IC packaging, attracting
emerging companies to join, and integrating new resources in key fields.

Its concurrent, highly interactive events include conferences, competitions, award
programs and business matchmaking, providing an incomparable business networking
and learning platform for expanding new businesses in fast-growth industries and
regions.

It helps you to explore future opportunities in new fields, such as AI, humanoid robotics,
and the low-altitude economy by learning about industry trends and gaining insight via
face-to-face exchange.

Coming this April 22-24, 2025 to the Shanghai World Expo Exhibition & Convention
Center, NEPCON China 2025 is expected to exceed 45,000 m 2 of show space, attracting
more than 500 exhibiting enterprises and brands, while hosting more than 20 industry-
relevant and engaging summits and activities. Exhibitor segments of NEPCON China 2025
will showcase SMT, test & measurement equipment, dispensing & spraying equipment, smart factory, semiconductor packaging and testing equipment, electronic components, and more. The show will additionally focus on technologies and solutions for 3C, automotive electronics, wireless communication devices and systems, new energy, and
rail transit technology with leading exhibitors including ASMPT, HANWHA, YAMAHA,
ASYS, BTU, ERSA, Omron, TRI, QUICK, and GKG.

Added show floor highlights include the Japan Electronics and Automation Zone,
Electronic Materials Zone, and the Semiconductor Packaging and Testing Live DEMO,
among other specialty zones.

NEPCON China 2025 will showcase the latest in innovative products and technologies.
NEPCON ∞ SPACE is set to unveil a dedicated smart car disassembly zone, strategically
designed to engage buyers from the smart car manufacturing supply chain. The
showcase will feature a comprehensive demonstration line for packaging and testing
processes, including the aspects of integrated circuits, optical modules, and power
modules. In addition, the event will host Country Days, factory tours, and exclusive
matchmaking sessions for overseas buyers from Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, and other specialty regions, ensuring an impressive and engaging experience for all attendees.

The post New Business, New Opportunities in Shanghai at NEPCON China 2025 appeared first on ELE Times.

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radiofrequency interference (RFI) refer to electromagnetically generated noise that can interfere with products’ performance and reliability. RFI is a subset of EMI that refers to radiated emissions such as those from power or communication lines.

Design engineers must strategically reduce EMI and RFI at every opportunity, especially since some sources are naturally occurring and impossible to remove from the environment.

Engineering professionals should begin by using design choices that mitigate these unwanted effects. For example, trace placement can reduce undesirable interference since a PCB’s traces carry current from drivers and receivers.

One widely established tip is to keep the distance between traces at least several times the width of individual traces. Similarly, designers should separate signal-related traces from others, including those associated with audio or video transmission.

The design-centered tools can help all parties test different possibilities to find the ones most likely to work in the real world. One such tool allows designers to ease the transition from design to manufacture by creating a digital twin of the production environment. This format-agnostic platform also enables real-time collaboration, shortening the time required for clients to approve designs.

Select appropriate internal filters and shields

Besides following design-related best practices, professionals building electronics while reducing EMI and RFI must identify opportunities to suppress and deflect them without adding too much weight to the devices. That is especially important in cases where people build electronics for aerospace and automotive applications.

The general process is identifying trouble spots after making all appropriate design-related improvements. Engineers should then proceed by applying filtering circuits on the inputs and outputs. Next, they can apply shields. These products surround at-risk components, creating a protective barrier.

The shields are typically metal or polyester, and engineers use industrial machines to form them into the desired shapes. While filters allow harmless frequencies to pass through them, shields block and redistribute EMI to mitigate their potentially dangerous effects.

A particular point is that filters only block EMI moving through physical connections such as cables. EMI transmission occurs through the air and needs no entry point. Additionally, designers will get the best results by scrutinizing how the electronic device functions and acting accordingly. One possibility is to install filters at heat sinks to control the EMI that would otherwise come through the holes that promote thermal management.

Consider electrospray technologies

An emerging EMI protection is to deposit electrospray materials onto surfaces or components. In addition to its cost-effectiveness, this solution offers customizable results because engineers can add as much as their applications require.

Although many of these efforts are in the early stages, design engineers should monitor their progress and consider how to incorporate them into their future products. One example comes from a mechanical engineering doctoral student exploring how to apply protective layers to electronics by dispensing aerosols or liquids onto them with electricity. This approach could be especially valuable to manufacturers that create increasingly small products for which traditional shielding techniques are less suitable.

The student argues that electrospray technologies for shielding can open opportunities for protecting miniaturized devices. Her technique deposits a silver layer onto the surface, minimizing the space and costs required to protect devices.

This strategy and similar efforts could also be ideal for engineers who want to safeguard delicate electronics without adding weight. Many consumers perceive lightweight, tiny devices as more innovative than heavier, larger ones. Electrospray caters to these devices while meeting modern manufacturing requirements.

Take project-specific approaches

In addition to following these tips, electronics designers must always engage with their clients throughout their work. Such engagements allow engineering professionals to understand specific needs and identify the most effective ways to achieve successful outcomes.

What worked well in one case may be less suitable for others that seem similar. However, client feedback ensures everyone is on the same page.

Ellie Gabel is a freelance writer as well as associate editor at Revolutionized.

 

 

Related Content

• PCB design for EMI in three easy steps
• RFI: keeping noise out of your designs
• EMI, RFI, EMC and radiated susceptibility
• How EVs, EMI/RFI are influencing AM radio’s future
• The Importance of EMI & RFI Shielding in Medical Equipment

The post How shielding protects electronic designs from EMI/RFI disruptions appeared first on EDN.

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Spent a couple hours today getting the silicon die out from one of these epoxied on chips. Using a small alcohol lamp. Sadly, I got some of the super glue I was using to mount it to a slide on it. submitted by /u/holllow_world [link] [comments]

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I was interested to know why a usually 5pin connector plugged to a 5 wires cable had 7 pins. So I took an old connector and opened it up ! I discovered that it was a standard 5 pin connector with 2 unused pins that I labelled "Shield". You can see on picture 4 that when connected to any standard cable, the "shield" pins are just unused and don't connect to anything. Knowing this, It will be quite easier to repair Samsung devices (where I found this kind of connector mostly) : this is almost 100% compatible (except the anchor points) and a standard generic 5 pin microUSB does the same job really well. Maybe less sturdy but still functional. This was a quite nice discovery for me ! I just wanted to share, since I didn't find a lot of talk about 7 pin microUSB connectors on the Internet submitted by /u/FrenchBelgianFries [link] [comments]

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Whether you just received a new oscilloscope or just got access to a revered lab instrument that you are unfamiliar with, there is a learning curve associated with using the instrument. Having run a technical support operation for a major oscilloscope supplier, I know that most technical people don’t read manuals. This article (shorter than the typical user manual) is intended to help those who need to use the instrument right away get the instrument up and running.

The front panel

Oscilloscopes from different manufacturers look different, but they all have many common elements. If the oscilloscope has a front panel, it will have basic controls for vertical, horizontal, and trigger settings like the instrument shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 A typical oscilloscope front panel with controls for vertical, horizontal, and trigger settings. Source: Teledyne LeCroy

Many controls have alternate actions evoked by pushing or, in some cases, pulling the knob. These are generally marked on the panel.

Many oscilloscopes, like this one, use the Windows operating system and can be controlled from the display using a pointing device or a touch screen. Feel free to use any interface that works for you.

Getting a waveform on the screen

It’s crucial to note that digital oscilloscopes retain their last settings. If you’re using the oscilloscope for the first time, it’s a smart practice to recall its default setting. This step ensures you’re starting from a known setting’s state. Some oscilloscopes, like the one used here, have a dedicated button on the front panel; recalling the default setting can also be done using a pulldown menu (Figure 2).

Figure 2 Recalling the default setup of an oscilloscope places the instrument in a known operational state. Source: Arthur Pini

In the example shown, the default setting is recalled from the “Recall Setup” dialog box using the Recall Default button, highlighted in orange.

Auto Setup

Using the oscilloscope’s “Auto Setup” feature to obtain a waveform on the screen from the default state is simple.

As a basic experiment, connect channel 1 of the oscilloscope to the calibration signal on the oscilloscope’s front panel using one of the high-impedance probes included with the oscilloscope. This calibration signal is a low-frequency square wave used to adjust the low-frequency compensation of the probe’s attenuator.

Press the oscilloscope’s Auto Setup button on the front panel or use the Vertical pulldown menu to select Auto Setup (Figure 3).

Figure 3 The “Auto Setup” is either a front-panel push button or a selection on a pulldown menu, as shown here. Source: Arthur Pini

“Auto Setup” in this instrument scans all the input channels in order and configures the instrument based on the first signal it detects. Based on the detected signal(s), the vertical scale (volts/div) and vertical offset are adjusted. The trigger is set to an edge trigger with a trigger level of fifty percent of the amplitude of the first signal found. The horizontal timebase (time/div) is set so that at least ten signal cycles are displayed on the display screen.

Different oscilloscopes handle this function differently. In some, the signal must be connected to channel 1. Other models, like the one shown, will search through all the channels and set up the first signal found. “Auto Setup” in all oscilloscopes should get you to a point where you have a waveform on the screen.

The basic controls—vertical settings

The basic oscilloscope controls include vertical, horizontal, or timebase and trigger. In Figure 3, these appear, in that order from left to right, as pull-down menus on the menu bar. These controls are duplicated on the front panel and grouped under the same headings. Either of the control types can be used.

Vertical controls, either on the front panel or on the screen, are used to set up the individual input channels. Selecting a channel creates a dialog box for controlling the corresponding channel. The vertical channel controls include vertical sensitivity (volts/div) and offset. The channel setup controls include coupling, bandwidth, rescaling, and processing (Figure 4).

Figure 4 The vertical channel setup includes the principal controls, including vertical scaling, offset, and coupling. Source: Arthur Pini

The vertical scaling should be set so that the waveform is as close to full scale as possible to maximize the oscilloscope’s dynamic range. This oscilloscope has a “Find Scale” function icon the channel setup, which will scale the vertical gain and offset to get the waveform centered on the screen with a reasonable amplitude. It is good practice not to overdrive the input amplifier by having the waveform exceed the selected full-scale voltage limits. Use the zoom display to expand the trace for a closer look at tiny features. The offset control centers the waveform on the display. Coupling offers a choice of a 50 Ω DC coupling or 1 MΩ input termination and AC or DC coupling.

The other controls include a selection of input bandwidth limiting filters, the ability to rescale the voltage reading based on the probe attenuation factor, and the ability to rescale the amplitude reading in a sensor or a probe’s units of measure (e.g., amperes for a current probe). Signal processing in the form of averaging or digital (noise) filtering can be applied to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the acquired signals.

Channel annotation boxes, like the one labeled C1 in Figure 4, show the vertical scale setting, offset, and coupling for channel 1. When the cursors are turned on, cursor amplitude readouts can also appear in this box.

Timebase settings

Selecting “Horizontal Settings” from the “Timebase” pull-down menu or using the front panel horizontal controls adjusts the horizontal scaling and delay of the horizontal axis, the acquisition sampling modes, the acquisition memory length, and the sampling rate (Figure 5).

Figure 5 The timebase setup controls the sampling mode, horizontal scale, time delay, and acquisition setup. Source: Arthur Pini

The “Horizontal” controls simultaneously affect all the input channels. Generally, three standard sampling modes are real-time, sequence, and roll mode. Real-time is the normal default mode, sampling the input signal at the sampling rate for the entire duration set by the horizontal scale. Sequence mode breaks the acquisition memory into a user-set number of segments and triggers and acquires a signal in each segment before displaying them. Sequence mode acquisitions provide a minimum dead time between acquisitions. Roll mode is for long acquisition times with low sampling rates. Data is written to the display as it is acquired, producing a display that looks like a strip chart recorder.

The time per division (T/div) setting sets the horizontal time scale. The acquisition duration will be ten times the T/div setting. The acquisition delay shifts the trigger point on the display. The default delay is zero. Negative delays shift the trace to the left, and positive delays shift it to the right.

The “Maximum Sample Points” field sets the maximum length of the acquisition memory. By selecting “Set Maximum Memory”, the memory length varies as the T/div setting is changed until the maximum memory is allocated. Beyond that point, increasing the T/div will cause the sampling rate to drop. Basically, the time duration of the acquisition is equal to the number of samples in the memory divided by the sampling rate. If the fixed sampling rate mode is selected, the oscilloscope sampling rate will remain at the user-entered sampling rate as the T/div setting changes. The T/div setting will be restricted to settings compatible with the selected sampling rate.

The sample rate also affects the span of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) math operation, while the time duration of the acquisition affects its frequency resolution.

This oscilloscope allows the user to select the number of active channels. Note that the memory is shared among the active channels.   

The “Navigation Reference” setting controls how the oscilloscope behaves when you adjust T/div. The centered (50%) selection keeps the current center time point fixed, and other events move about the center as T/div changes. With this setting, the trigger point could move off the grid as the scale changes. The “Lock to Trigger” setting holds the trigger point location fixed. The trigger event remains in place as T/div changes, while other events move about the trigger location.

Basic trigger settings

Oscilloscopes require a trigger, usually derived from or synchronous with the acquired waveform. The function of the trigger is to allow the acquired waveform to be displayed stably. The trigger setup, either on the front panel or using the “Trigger” pulldown provides access to the trigger setup dialog box (Figure 6).

Figure 6 The basic setup for an edge trigger will allow the acquired waveform to be displayed stably. Source: Arthur Pini

The edge trigger is the traditional default trigger type. In edge trigger, the scope is triggered when the source trace crosses the trigger threshold voltage level with the user-specified positive or negative slope. Trigger sources can be any input channel, or an external trigger applied to the EXT. input. Edge trigger is the most commonly used trigger method and is selected in the figure. The current scope settings shown use channel 1 as the trigger source. The trigger is DC coupled with a trigger threshold level of nominally 500 millivolts (mV) and a positive slope. Note the “Find Level” button in the “Level” field will automatically find the trigger level of the source signal. The trigger annotation box on the right side of the screen summarizes selected trigger settings.

The trigger mode, which can be stop, automatic (auto), normal, or single, is selected from the trigger pulldown menu. The trigger mode determines how often the instrument acquires a signal. The default trigger mode is auto; in this mode, if a trigger event does not occur within a preset time period, one will be forced. This guarantees that something will be displayed. Normal trigger mode arms the oscilloscope for a trigger. When the trigger event occurs, it acquires a trace which is then displayed. After the acquisition is complete, the trigger automatically re-arms the instrument for the next trigger. Traces are displayed continuously as the trigger events occur. If there are no trigger events, acquisitions stop until one occurs.

In single mode, the user arms the trigger manually. The oscilloscope waits until the trigger event occurs and makes one acquisition, which is displayed. It then stops until it is again re-armed. If a valid trigger does not occur, invoking Single a second time will force a trigger and display the acquisition. Stop mode ceases acquisitions until one of the other three modes is evoked. Other, more complex triggers are available for more complex triggering requirements; however, they are beyond the scope of this article.

Display

The oscilloscope display is controlled from the display pull-down menu. The type of display can be selected from the pull-down, or the “Display Setup” can be opened (Figure 7).

Figure 7 “Display Setup” allows for the selection of the number of grids and other display-related settings. This example shows the selection of a quad grid with four traces. Source: Arthur Pini

This oscilloscope allows the user to select the number of displayed grids. There is also an “Auto Grid” selection, which turns on a new grid when each trace is activated. Multiple traces can be located in each grid, allowing comparison of the waveforms. Having a single trace in each grid provides an unimpeded view while maintaining the full dynamic range of the acquisition. In addition to normal amplitude versus time displays, the “Display Setup” includes cross plots of two traces producing an X-Y plot.

Display expansion-zoom

Zoom magnifies the view of a trace horizontally and vertically. The traditional method to leverage the zoom functions uses the pull-down “Math” menu to open “Zoom Setup” as shown in Figure 8.

Figure 8 Zoom traces can be turned on using the Zoom Setup under the Math pull-down menu. Source: Arthur Pini

Many oscilloscopes have a “Zoom” button on the front panel to open a zoom trace for each displayed waveform. Oscilloscopes with touch screens support drop and drag zoom. Touch the trace near the area to be expanded and then drag the finger diagonally. A box will be displayed; continue dragging your finger until the box encloses the area to be expanded. Remove the finger, and the zoom trace can be selected to show the expanded waveform.

A quick start guide

This should get you started. Most Windows-based oscilloscopes have built-in help screens that may be context-sensitive and provide helpful information about settings. If you get stuck, contact the manufacturer’s customer service line; they will get you going quickly. If all else fails, consider reading the manual.

Arthur Pini is a technical support specialist and electrical engineer with over 50 years of experience in electronics test and measurement.

 Related Content

• Basic jitter measurements using an oscilloscope
• Understanding and applying oscilloscope measurements
• Build your own oscilloscope probes for power measurements (part 1)
• Trigger an oscilloscope, get a stable display

The post Basic oscilloscope operation appeared first on EDN.

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🇺🇦🇮🇹 IX День італійського дизайну kpi пт, 02/07/2025 - 18:30

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I really like the flexible section instead of using a connector or soldering it in place. submitted by /u/Rockroxx [link] [comments]

📰 Газета "Київський політехнік" № 5-6 за 2025 (.pdf) kpi пт, 02/07/2025 - 13:05

🎥 Друга автономна сонячна електростанція у КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського! kpi пт, 02/07/2025 - 11:19