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Alpha and Omega Semiconductor Ltd (AOS) of Sunnyvale, CA, USA (which designs and develops discrete power devices, wide-bandgap power devices, power management ICs and modules) says that it is supporting the power requirements of the 800 VDC architecture announced by NVIDIA of Santa Clara, CA, which is set to power the next generation of AI data centers, featuring megawatt-scale racks to meet the exponential growth of AI workloads...

NUBURU Inc of Centennial, CO, USA — which was founded in 2015 and developed and previously manufactured high-power industrial blue lasers — has received a warning letter from NYSE American LLC regarding its compliance with Section 401(a) of the NYSE American Company Guide...

Rohde & Schwarz expands its next-generation MXO oscilloscope portfolio with the compact four- and eight-channel MXO 3 series. The MXO 3 delivers fast and precise advanced MXO technology – previously available only in larger, higher-priced models – in an extremely compact form factor at a more affordable price point. This oscilloscope allows engineers to see more of their device under test’s signal than any other instrument in this class.

Fast:

All MXO 3 models come standard with up to 99 % real-time capture, which is up to 50 times better than competitors’ instruments, enabling users to instantly see more signal details and rare events. Like other MXO models, these oscilloscopes leverage cutting-edge MXO-EP processing ASIC technology developed by Rohde & Schwarz to deliver:

• 5 million acquisitions per second– the fastest in the industry, allowing users to instantly detect additional signal detail and infrequent events.
• 600,000 trigger events per second with zone triggering– the fastest and most flexible in the industry, enabling users to isolate events in the time domain, including math and frequency domain signals.
• 50,000 FFTs per second– up to 1,000 times faster than other oscilloscopes, providing faster and more comprehensive analysis for applications such as EMI and harmonic testing.
• 600,000 math operations per second– the best in the industry and up to 100,000 times faster than competitive models, allowing users to accurately analyze signals like power, which require multiplication of voltage and current.

Precise:

All MXO 3 models are engineered with advanced technology to ensure accurate measurement isolation and results users can trust:

• 12-bit vertical resolutionin hardware at all sample rates allows users to observe small signal changes even of larger signals. This provides 16 times more resolution than traditional 8-bit oscilloscopes.
• HD modeenhances signal details that would otherwise be buried in noise. It offers both noise reduction and up to 18 bits of vertical resolution – the highest in the industry. Unlike other oscilloscopes, HD mode operates at full sample rate and is implemented in hardware, ensuring precision without sacrificing speed.
• With the largest offset range in its class, MXO 3 users can take advantage of the most sensitive vertical scale setup to reveal more of their signal while minimizing measurement system noise. MXO 3 oscilloscopes feature a wide ±3V offset at 1 mV/div on both 50 Ω and 1 MΩ input paths – two to three times better than other leading models in this class.

Compact:

Both the four- and eight-channel MXO 3 oscilloscopes are designed with a compact, portable form factor, making them easy to fit anywhere even on crowded benches. Their small footprint allows more space for the creative chaos of engineering workspaces. Combined with an industry-leading low audible noise – quieter than a whisper – the MXO 3 ensures a distraction-free work environment.

• 6” full-HD capacitive touchscreen, combined with intuitive user interface, offering an enhanced user experience to engineers who spend significant time working with the instrument
• Its light weight of only about 4 kg allows moving the MXO 3 easily to a different measurement location.
• 5U of rack height, ensuring efficient use of limited space in labs or testing environments.
• The VESA mountingcompatibility of the MXO 3 allows additional flexibility in engineering environments.

Philip Diegmann, Vice President of Oscilloscopes at Rohde & Schwarz, says: “With the launch of the MXO 3, we are bringing the breakthrough capabilities of our MXO technology to a more accessible, smaller instrument class. This compact oscilloscope delivers the same cutting-edge performance and usability that our customers have come to expect, while opening up new possibilities for engineers at a variety of price points, especially with the addition of an eight-channel model – the only instrument of its kind in this class. At Rohde & Schwarz, we are committed to making advanced test and measurement tools available to more users, and our fast, precise and compact MXO 3 is another step forward in that mission.”

The post Rohde & Schwarz unveils compact MXO 3 oscilloscopes with 4 and 8 channels appeared first on ELE Times.

🎥 У КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського презентували японські інноваційні рішення для відбудови України kpi ср, 10/15/2025 - 10:15

11 років тому в Україні стартували антикорупційні реформи kpi ср, 10/15/2025 - 10:00

submitted by /u/Alchemist_Joshua [link] [comments]

Fantastic!!! STM32-based project with an LCD display and a PIR + temp module. Simple, cheap, and surprisingly effective — perfect for those hot nights when you’re too lazy to turn the knob manually 😎 submitted by /u/Mediocre-Ad9341 [link] [comments]

The shift from manual design to AI-driven, physically aware automation of network-on-chip (NoC) design can be compared to the evolution of navigation technology. Early GPS systems revolutionized road travel by automating route planning. These systems allowed users to specify a starting point and destination, aiming for the shortest travel time or distance, but they had a limited understanding of real-world conditions such as accidents, construction, or congestion.

The result was often a path that was correct, and minimized time or distance under ideal conditions, but not necessarily the most efficient in the real world. Similarly, early NoC design approaches automated connectivity, yet without awareness of physical floorplans or workloads as inputs for topology generation, they usually fell well short of delivering optimal performance.

Figure 1 The evolution of NoC design has many similarities with GPS navigation technology. Source: Arteris

Modern GPS platforms such as Waze or Google Maps go further by factoring in live traffic data, road closures, and other obstacles to guide travelers along faster, less costly routes. In much the same way, automation in system-on-chip (SoC) interconnects now applies algorithms that minimize wire length, manage pipeline insertion, and optimize switch placement based on a physical awareness of the SoC floorplan. This ensures that designs not only function correctly but are also efficient in terms of power, area, latency, and throughput.

The hidden cost of “logically correct”

As SoC complexity increases, the gap between correctness and optimization has become more pronounced. Designs that pass verification can still hide inefficiencies that consume power, increase area, and slow down performance. Just because a design is logically correct doesn’t mean it is optimized. While there are many tools to validate that a design is logically correct, both at the RTL and physical design stages, what tools are there to check for design optimization?

Traditional NoC implementations depend on experienced NoC design experts to manually determine switch locations and route the connections between the switches and all the IP blocks that the NoC needs to connect. Design verification (DV) tools can verify that these designs meet functional requirements, but subtle inefficiencies will remain undetected.

Wires may take unnecessarily long detours around blocks of IP, redundant switches may persist after design changes, and piecemeal edits often accumulate into suboptimal paths. None of these are logical errors that many of today’s EDA tools can detect. They are inefficiencies that impact area, power, and latency while remaining invisible to standard checks.

Manually designing an NoC is also both tedious and fragmented. A large design may take several days to complete. Expert designers must decide where to place switches, how to connect them, and when to insert pipeline stages to enable timing closure.

While they may succeed in producing a workable solution, the process is vulnerable to oversights. When engineers return to partially completed work, they may not recall every earlier decision, especially for work done by someone else on the team. As changes accumulate, inefficiencies mount.

The challenge compounds when SoC requirements shift. Adding or removing IP blocks is routine, yet in manual flows, such changes often force large-scale rework. Wires and switches tied to outdated connections often linger because edits rarely capture every dependency.

Correcting these issues requires yet more intervention, increasing both cost and time. Automating NoC topology generation eliminates these repetitive and error-prone tasks, ensuring that interconnects are optimized from the start.

Scaling with complexity

The need for automation grows as SoC architectures expand. Connecting 20 IP blocks is already challenging. At 50, the task becomes overwhelming. At 500, it’s practically impossible to optimize without advanced algorithms. Each block introduces new paths, bandwidth requirements, and physical constraints. Attempting this manually is no longer realistic.

Simplified diagrams of interconnects often give the impression of manageable scale. Reality is far more daunting, where a single logical connection may consist of 512, 1024, or even 2048 individual wires. Achieving optimized connectivity across hundreds of blocks requires careful balancing of wire length, congestion, and throughput all at once.

Another area where automation adds value is in regular topology generation. Different regions of a chip may benefit from different structures such as meshes, rings, or trees. Traditionally, designers had to decide these configurations in advance, relying on experience and intuition. This is much like selecting a fixed route on your GPS, without knowing how conditions may change.

Automation changes the approach. By analyzing workload and physical layout, the system can propose or directly implement the topology best suited for each region. Designers can choose to either guide these choices or leave the system to determine the optimal configuration. Over time, this flexibility may make rigid topologies less relevant, as interconnects evolve into hybrids tailored to the unique needs of each design.

In addition to initial optimization, adaptability during the design process is essential. As new requirements emerge, interconnects must be updated without requiring a complete rebuild. Incremental automation preserves earlier work while incorporating new elements efficiently, removing elements that are no longer required. This ability mirrors modern navigation systems, which reroute travelers seamlessly when conditions change rather than responding to the evolving conditions once the journey has started.

For SoC teams, the value is clear. Incremental optimization saves time, avoids unnecessary rework, and ensures consistency throughout the design cycle.

Figure 2 FlexGen smart NoC IP unlocks new performance and efficiency advantages. Source: Arteris

Closing the gap with smart interconnects

SoC development has benefited from decades of investment in design automation. Power analysis, functional safety, and workload profiling are well-established. However, until now, the complexity of manually designing and updating NoCs left teams vulnerable to inefficiencies that consumed resources and slowed progress. Interconnect designs were often logically correct, but rarely optimal.

Suboptimal wire length is one of the few classes of design challenges that some EDA tools still may not detect. NoC automation has bridged the gap, eliminating them at the source, delivering a correct wire length optimized to meet the throughput constraints of the design specification. By embedding intelligence into the interconnect backbone, design teams achieve solutions that are both correct and efficient, while reducing or even eliminating reliance on scarce engineering expertise.

NoCs have long been essential for connecting IP blocks in modern complex SoC design, and often the cause of schedule delays and throughput bottlenecks. Smart NoC automation now transforms interconnect design by reducing risk for both the project schedule and its ultimate performance.

At the forefront of this change is smart interconnect IP created to address precisely these challenges. By automating topology generation, minimizing wire lengths, and enabling incremental updates, a smart interconnect IP like FlexGen closes the gap between correctness and optimization. As a result, engineering groups under pressure to deliver complex designs quickly gain a path to higher performance with less effort.

There is a difference between finding a path and finding the best path. In SoC design, that difference determines competitiveness in performance, power, and time-to-market, and smart NoC automation is what makes it possible.

Rick Bye is Director of Product Management and Marketing at Arteris, overseeing the FlexNoC family of non-coherent NoC IP products. Previously, he was a senior product manager at Arm, responsible for a demonstration SoC and compression IP.  Rick has extensive product management and marketing experience in semiconductors and embedded software.

Related Content

• SoC Interconnect: Don’t DIY!
• The network-on-chip interconnect is the SoC
• SoC interconnect architecture considerations
• SoCs Get a Helping Hand from AI Platform FlexGen
• Smarter SoC Design for Agile Teams and Tight Deadlines

The post A logically correct SoC design isn’t an optimized design appeared first on EDN.

The new DN6.33x series offers up to 12 synchronized channels with sampling rates as high as 10 GS/s.

Broadcom Inc. introduces Thor Ultra, claiming the industry’s first 800G AI Ethernet network interface card (NIC). The Ethernet NIC, adopting the open Ultra Ethernet Consortium (UEC) specification, can interconnect hundreds of thousands of XPUs to drive trillion-parameter AI workloads.

The UEC modernized remote direct memory access (RDMA) for large AI clusters, which the Thor Ultra leverages, offering several RDMA innovations. These include packet-level multipathing for efficient load balancing, out-of-order packet delivery directly to XPU memory for maximizing fabric utilization, selective retransmission for efficient data transfer, and programmable receiver-based and sender-based congestion control algorithms.

By providing these advanced RDMA capabilities in an open ecosystem, it allows customers to connect to XPUs, optics, or switches and to reduce dependency on proprietary, vertically integrated solutions, Broadcom said.

(Source: Broadcom Inc.)

The Thor Ultra joins Broadcom’s Ethernet AI networking portfolio, including Tomahawk 6, Tomahawk 6-Davisson, Tomahawk Ultra, Jericho 4,  and Scale-Up Ethernet (SUE), as part of an open ecosystem for large scale high-performance XPU deployments.    

The Thor Ultra Ethernet NIC is available in standard PCIe CEM and OCP 3.0 form factors. It offers 200G or 100G PAM4 SerDes with support for long-reach passive copper, and claims the industry’s lowest bit error rate SerDes, reducing link flaps and accelerating job completion time.

Other features include a PCI Express Gen 6 ×16 host interface, programmable congestion control pipeline, secure boot with signed firmware and device attestation, and line-rate encryption and decryption with PSP offload, which relieves the host/XPU of compute-intensive tasks.

The Ethernet NIC also provides packet trimming and congestion signaling support with Tomahawk 5, Tomahawk 6, or any UEC compliant switch. Thor Ultra is now sampling.

The post AI Ethernet NIC drives trillion-parameter AI workloads appeared first on EDN.

Analog Devices, Inc. (ADI) launches its ADI Power Studio, a family of products that offers advanced modeling, component recommendations, and efficiency analysis with simulation to help streamline power management design and optimization. ADI also offers early versions of two new web-based tools as part of Power Studio.

The web-based ADI Power Studio Planner and ADI Power Studio Designer tools, together with the full ADI Power Studio portfolio, are designed to streamline the entire power system design process from initial concept through measurement and evaluation. The Power Studio portfolio also features ADI’s existing desktop and web-based power management tools, including LTspice, SIMPLIS, LTpowerCAD, LTpowerPlanner, EE-Sim, LTpowerPlay, and LTpowerAnalyzer.

(Source: Analog Devices Inc.)

The Power Studio tools address key challenges in designing electronic systems with dozens of power rails and interdependent voltage domains, which creates greater design complexity. These bottlenecks require rework during architecture decisions, component selection, and validation, ADI said.

Power Studio addresses these challenges by providing a workflow that helps engineering teams make better decisions earlier by simulating real-world performance with accurate models and automating key outputs such as bill of materials and report generation, helping to reduce rework.

The ADI Power Studio Planner web-based tool targets system-level power tree planning. It provides an interactive view of the system architecture, making it easier to model power distribution, calculate power loss, and analyze system efficiency. Key features include intelligent parametric search and tradeoff comparisons.

The ADI Power Studio Designer is a web-based tool for IC-level power supply design. It provides optimized component recommendations, performance estimates, and tailored efficiency analysis. Built on the ADI power design architecture, Power Studio Designer offers guided workflows so engineers can set key parameters to build accurate models to simulate real-world performance, with support for both LTspice and SIMPLIS schematics, before moving to hardware.

Power Studio Planner and Power Studio Designer are available now as part of the ADI Power Studio. These tools are the first products released under ADI’s vision to deliver a fully connected power design workflow for customers. ADI plans to introduce ongoing updates and product announcements in the months ahead.

The post Power design tools ease system development appeared first on EDN.

Broadcom Inc. claims the industry’s first Wi-Fi 8 silicon solutions for the broadband wireless edge, including residential gateways, enterprise access points, and smart mobile clients. The company also announced the availability of its Wi-Fi 8 IP for license in IoT, automotive, and mobile device applications.

Designed for AI-era edge networks, the new Wi-Fi 8 chips include the BCM6718 for residential and operator access applications, the BCM43840 and BCM43820 for enterprise access applications, and the BCM43109 for edge wireless clients such as smartphones, laptops, tablets and automotive. These new chips also include a hardware-accelerated telemetry engine, targeting AI-driven network optimization. This engine collects real-time data on network performance, device behavior, and environmental conditions.

(Source: Broadcom Inc.)

The engine is a critical input for AI models and can be used by customers to train and run inference on the edge or in the cloud for use cases such as measuring and optimizing quality of experience (QoE), strengthening Wi-Fi network security and anomaly detection, and lowering the total cost of ownership through predictive maintenance and automated optimization, Broadcom said.

Wi-Fi 8 silicon chips

The BCM6718 residential Wi-Fi access point chip features advanced eco modes for up to 30% greater energy efficiency and third-generation digital pre-distortion, which reduces peak power by 25%. Other features include a four-stream Wi-Fi 8 radio, receiver sensitivity enhancements enabling faster uploads, BroadStream wireless telemetry engine for AI training/inference, and BroadStream intelligent packet scheduler to maximize QoE. It also provides full compliance to IEEE 802.11bn and WFA Wi-Fi 8 specifications.

The BCM43840 (four-stream Wi-Fi 8 radio) and BCM43820 (two-stream scanning and analytics Wi-Fi 8 radio) enterprise Wi-Fi access point chips also feature advanced eco modes and third-generation digital pre-distortion, a BroadStream wireless telemetry engine for AI training/inference, and full compliance to IEEE 802.11bn and WFA Wi-Fi 8 specifications. They also provide an advanced location tracking capability.

The highly-integrated BCM43109 dual-core Wi-Fi 8, high-bandwidth Bluetooth, and 802.15.4 combo chip is optimized for mobile handset applications. The combo chip offers non-primary channel access for latency reduction and improved low-density parity check coding to extend gigabit coverage. It also provides full compliance to IEEE 802.11bn and WFA Wi-Fi 8 specifications, along with 802.15.4 support including Thread V1.4 and Zigbee Pro, and Bluetooth 6.0 high data throughput and higher-bands support. Other key features include a two-stream Wi-Fi 8 radio with 320-MHz channel support, enhanced long range Wi-Fi, and sensing and secure ranging.

The Wi-Fi 8 silicon is currently sampling to select partners. The Wi-Fi IP is currently available for licensing, manufacture, and use in edge client devices.

The post Broadcom delivers Wi-Fi 8 chips for AI appeared first on EDN.

Microchip Technology Inc. expands its Switchtec PCIe family with its next-generation Switchtec Gen 6 PCIe fanout switches, supporting up to 160 lanes for high-density AI systems. Claiming the industry’s first PCIe Gen 6 switches manufactured using a 3-nm process, the Switchtec Gen 6 family features lower power consumption and advanced security features, including a hardware root of trust and secure boot with post-quantum-safe cryptography compliant with the Commercial National Security Algorithm Suite (CNSA) 2.0.

The PCIe 6.0 standard doubles the bandwidth of PCIe 5.0 to 64 GT/s per lane, making it suited for AI workloads and high-performance computing applications that need faster data transmission and lower latency. It also adds flow control unit (FLIT) mode, a lightweight forward-error-correction (FEC) system, and dynamic resource allocation, enabling more efficient and reliable data transfer, particularly for small packets in AI workloads.

As a high-performance interconnect, the Switchtec Gen 6 PCIe switches, Microchip’s third-generation PCIe switch, enable high-speed connectivity between CPUs, GPUs, SoCs, AI accelerators, and storage devices, reducing signal loss and maintaining the low latency required by AI fabrics, Microchip said.

Though there are no production CPUs with PCIe Gen 6 support on the market, Microchip wanted to make sure that they had all of the infrastructure components in advance of PCIe Gen 6 servers.

“This breakthrough is monumental for Microchip, establishing us once again as a leader in data center connectivity and broad infrastructure solutions,” said Brian McCarson, corporate vice president of Microchip’s data center solutions business unit.

Offering full PCIe Gen 6 compliance, which includes FLIT, FET, 64-Gbits/s PAM4 signaling, deferrable memory, and 14-bit tag, the Switchtec Gen 6 PCIe switches feature 160 lanes, 20 ports, and 10 stacks with each port featuring hot- and surprise-plug controllers. Also available are 144-lane variants. These switches support non-transparent bridging to connect and isolate multiple host domains and multicast for one-to-many data distribution within a single domain. They are suited for high-performance compute, cloud computing, and hyperscale data centers.

(Source: Microchip Technology Inc.)

Multicast support is a key feature of the next-generation switch. Not all switch providers have multicast capability, McCarson said.

“Without multicast, if a CPU needs to communicate to two drives because you want to have backup storage, it has to cast to one drive and then cast to the second drive,” McCarson said. “With multicast, you can send a signal once and have it cast to multiple drives.

“Or if the GPU and CPU have to communicate but you need to have all of your GPUs networked together, the CPU can communicate to an entire bank of GPUs or vice versa if you’re operating through a switch with multicast capability,” he added. “Think about the power savings from not having a GPU or CPU do the same thing multiple times day in, day out.”

McCarson said customers are interested in PCIe Gen 6 because they can double the data rate, but when they look at the benefits of multicast, it could be even bigger than doubling the data rates in terms of efficient utilization of their CPU and GPU assets.

Other features include advanced error containment and comprehensive diagnostics and debug capabilities, several I/O interfaces, and an integrated MIPS processor with bifurcation options at x8 and x16. Input and output reference clocks are based on PCIe stacks with four input clocks per stack.

Higher performance

The Switchtec Gen 6 product delivers on performance in signal integrity, advanced security, and power consumption.

PCIe 6.0 uses PAM4 signaling, which enables the doubling of the data rate, but it can also reduce the signal-to-noise ratio, causing signal integrity issues. “Signal integrity is one of the key factors when you’re running this higher data rate,” said Tam Do, technical engineer, product marketing for Microchip’s Data Center Solutions business unit

Signal loss, or insertion loss, set by the PCIe 6 spec is 32 dB. The new switch meets the spec thanks in part to its SerDes design and Microchip’s recommended layout of the pinout and package, according to Do.

In addition, Microchip added post-quantum cryptography to the new chip, which is not part of the PCIe standard, to meet customer requirements for a higher level of security, Do said.

The PCIe switch also offers lower power consumption, thanks to the 3-nm process, than competing PCIe Gen 6 devices built on older technology nodes.

Development tools include Microchip’s ChipLink diagnostic tools, which provide debug, diagnostics, configuration, and analysis through an intuitive graphical user interface. ChipLink connects via in-band PCIe or sideband signals such as UART, TWI, and EJTAG. Also available is the PM61160-KIT Switchtec Gen 6 PCIe switch evaluation kit with multiple interfaces.

Switchtec Gen 6 PCIe switches (x8 and x16 bifurcation) and an evaluation kit are available for sampling to qualified customers. A low-lane-count version with 64 and 48 lanes with x2, x4, x8, x16 bifurcation for storage and general enterprise use cases will also be available in the second quarter of 2026.

The post Microchip launches PCIe Gen 6 switches appeared first on EDN.

Віктор Лазаренко. Пів століття разом із КПІ Інформація КП вт, 10/14/2025 - 21:38

IV семінар серії «Аспекти національної безпеки та оборони» kpi вт, 10/14/2025 - 21:27

Пам'яті Шумара Андрія Георгійовича kpi вт, 10/14/2025 - 21:24

Power Integrations Inc of San Jose, CA, USA (which provides high-voltage integrated circuits for energy-efficient power conversion) has outlined the benefits of its PowiGaN gallium nitride technology for next-generation AI data centers. The capabilities of 1250V and 1700V PowiGaN technology for 800VDC power architectures are explained in a new white paper from Power Integrations, published at the 2025 OCP Global Summit in San Jose, where NVIDIA provided an update on the 800VDC architecture. Power Integrations is collaborating with NVIDIA to accelerate the transition to 800VDC power and megawatt-scale racks...

Renesas Electronics Corp of Tokyo, Japan says that it is supporting efficient power conversion and distribution for the 800V direct current power architecture announced by NVIDIA of Santa Clara, CA, USA, helping to fuel the next wave of smarter, faster AI infrastructure...

Qualcomm has spent years trying to get traction in edge computing. Now it has a direct channel to developers building those systems at the prototype stage.

Analog topologies abound for converting current to voltage, voltage to current, voltage to frequency, and frequency to voltage, among other conversions.

Figure 1 joins the flock while singing a somewhat different tune. This current, voltage, and power (IVW) DC power converter multiplies current by voltage to sense wattage. Here’s how it gets off the ground.

Figure 1 The “I*V = W” converter comprises voltage-to-frequency conversion (U1ab & A1a) with frequency (F) of 2000 * Vload, followed by frequency-to-voltage conversion (U1c & A1b) with Vw = Iload * F / 20000 = (Iload * Vload) / 10 = Watts / 10 where Vload < 33 V and Iload < 1.5 A.

Wow the engineering world with your unique design: Design Ideas Submission Guide

The basic topology of the IVW converter comprises a voltage-to-frequency converter  (VFC) cascaded with a frequency-to-voltage converter (FVC). U1ab and A1a, combined with the surrounding discretes (Q1, Q2, Q3, etc.), make a VFC similar to the one described in this previous Design Idea, “Voltage inverter design idea transmogrifies into a 1MHz VFC”

The U1ab, A1a, C2, etc., VFC forms an inverting charge pump feedback loop that actively balances the 1 µA/V current through R2. Each cycle of the VFC deposits a charge of 5v * C2, or 500 picocoulombs (pC), onto integrator capacitor C3 to produce an F of 2 kHz * Vload (= 1 µA / 500 pC) for the control signal input of the FVC switch U1c. 

The other input to the U1c FVC is the -100 mV/A current-sense signal from R1. This combo forces U1c to pump F * -0.1 V/amp * 500 pF = -2 kHz * Vload * 50 pC * Iload into the input of the A1b inverting integrator.

 The melodious result is:

Vw = R1 * Iload * 2000 * Vload * R6 * C6

or, 

Vw = Iload * Vload * 0.1 * 2000 * 1 MΩ * 500 pF = 100 mV/W.

The R6C5 = 100-ms integrator time constant provides >60-dB of ripple attenuation for Vload > 1-V and a low noise 0- to 5-V output suitable for consumption by a typical 8- to 10-bit resolution ADC input. Diode D1 provides fire insurance for U1 in case Vload gets shorted to ground.

Stephen Woodward’s relationship with EDN’s DI column goes back quite a long way. Over 100 submissions have been accepted since his first contribution back in 1974.

Related Content

• Voltage inverter design idea transmogrifies into a 1MHz VFC
• A simulated 100-MHz VFC
• A simple, accurate, and efficient charge pump voltage inverter for $1 (in singles)
• 100-MHz VFC with TBH current pump

The post Amps x Volts = Watts appeared first on EDN.