Збирач потоків

🎥 У КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського урочисто відзначили День Державного Прапора України та День Незалежності України KPI4U-2 пн, 08/24/2026 - 18:00

Does the addition of Apple smart home protocol support necessitate hardware augmentation and upgrade, or do firmware-delivered feature updates suffice?

After pausing my TP-Link smart plug teardown publication cadence in May, I temporarily paused again in July (although the company’s products weren’t completely overlooked last month, mind you). It’s August, and I’m back on the treadmill, this time with a look at the Tapo P125, which adds Apple HomeKit support to the Tapo P105 foundation I dissected at the beginning of June.

I’d bought a Tapo P125 two-pack from Amazon’s Resale website area last November during a 30%-off holiday promo sale, for $12.59. Here’s a stock shot of the Tapo P105 four-pack acquired at the same time, for comparison’s sake.

The two products are dimensionally identical (2.4 × 1.5 × 1.3 in, 60 × 38 × 33 mm) and more broadly visually similar, save for the Tapo P105’s front panel status LED, whose illumination-related information has been relocated to the side-located switch on the Tapo P125 (non-illuminated in the Tapo P105 predecessor).

A history revisit

As a reminder, as it’s been a while since I started this particular teardown-coverage sequence, my basic aspiration with this project is to ascertain to what degree (if any) differences in the company’s various smart plug products’ feature sets, broadly between the Kasa and Tapo product lines as well as between products within a given line, are due to hardware variability versus (or in addition to) software-implemented inconsistency.

Here’s the so-far published dissection list:

• TP-Link’s Kasa HS103: A smart plug with solid network connectivity
• TP-Link’s Kasa EP10: If at first it doesn’t connect, buy, buy again
• TP-Link’s Kasa EP25: Energy monitoring for a hoped-for utility bill nose-dive
• TP-Link’s Tapo P105: A Kasa EP10 clone, or evolutionarily derived?

Note that hardware changes can, of course, be developer-motivated not only by evolving feature set requirements but also by the phaseout and replacement of building block components inside these devices. Such supply chain impermanence also helps explain the multiple to-date hardware versions of each product as documented on TP-Link’s support site.

In the Kasa past, I made a two-notable-feature teardown jump from the EP10 to the EP25: not only added energy monitoring capabilities but also support for Apple HomeKit (and Siri, for that matter). In the more recent and ongoing Tapo era, the product feature iterations are more modest. As already noted, today’s Tapo P125 augments the baseline Tapo P105 with Apple HomeKit cognizance, while the Tapo P115 (dissection to come next month) instead adds energy monitoring capabilities.

And I’ll close out, hopefully before year end, with a teardown of the Tapo P110M: slightly wider albeit no taller (or shorter) or deeper (or shallower) than the Tapo 115 and also with energy monitoring support, but additionally offering Matter smart home ecosystem cognizance.

Enough of the background; let’s get to Tapo P125 tearing down. I’ll start with the remainder of the Amazon-hosted stock images, which for some unknown reason tend to be higher-resolution and otherwise higher quality than those on TP-Link’s own company and Tapo product sites.

This last one, always a pre-dissection favorite and in this case solely published on TP-Link’s own site, is the “conceptual teardown”.

Assuming it’s correct, it suggests a relocation of the mini-PCB containing digital circuitry from the upper corner of the device (seen below with the Tapo P105) back to the more common side locale.

As well as the re-integration of the LED onto that mini-PCB versus standalone and soldered to the main board in the Tapo P105 situation.

Prepping the patient

Let’s definitively confirm-or-deny the conceptual tease. Here are some box shots to start, as usual accompanied by a 0.75′′ (19.1 mm) diameter U.S. penny for size comparison purposes.

Per the obscured-but-still-faintly-visible box-bottom marking, the devices inside are based on v1.26 hardware (the initial release, per TP-Link’s support page, along with v1.6 and v1.8 successor versions). And what’s obscuring it is the as-usual additional sticker suggestive of, per its formerly-Warehouse origins, an initial customer return followed by an Amazon resale to me.

Often, albeit not always, such products were opened by their previous owners prior to being sent back (for various reasons, including malicious ones) for refund. So too was seemingly the case here, although the top of the box was still sealed (albeit damaged). When I instead initially opened it from the bottom, the cardboard around the then-left (normally right when upright) device’s plug was comparatively sullied versus that of its packaged companion.

Turning the box back over, cutting the clear plastic seal, and opening it revealed more evidence of the right-side device’s prior-owner disturbance.

So, I went with that one for the dissection.

Cute, huh?

Scrubbed for surgery

Here’s our patient.

The bottom side perspective was as-usual the most informative from FCC ID (2AXJ4P125) and other info perspectives.

The (not-)final cut

Potentially obscure reference

Time to dive inside, starting with the previously seen backside screw.

I’ve now done a few of these similar-form-factor dissections, and they seemingly get easier (for my body, if for no other reason) each time, since the first time.

This one was no exception to the trend…and yes, I realize I’ve just jinxed myself for future project(s) by typing those words.

Here comes the series of shots I know you’re all most interested in.

That blue-colored (this time) relay on the right, a common component (for…y’know…power switching reasons…) in all smart plugs I’ve taken apart to date as well as presumably also in the future, is this time a Churod A16-V-105DA2F, which we also found inside the Tapo P105.

Now for the smarts-packed mini-PCB on the left side.

Remove the foam square, zoom in, and:

That’s (once again) Realtek’s RTL8720, also previously found inside the Tapo P105, as well as in the Kasa EP25. Which might lead you to decide that although the mini-PCB and LED have been relocated (note the switch in the lower left corner this time, with the LED just to its right), the digital hardware is exactly the same as the Tapo P105. And which in fact seems to be a reasonable deduction, it turns out, although I’d initially thought otherwise.

The nexus of my initial confusion (putting aside my ever-present confusion about most if not all things) are the ICs you can’t see (clearly, at least) in my shots, on the mini-PCB backside, which was previously bare in the Tapo P105 case. Head back over to the FCC site, click on the Internal photograph link, and you’ll be able to see them for yourself.

The larger eight-lead chip, for example, is the exact same Eon Silicon Solution EN25Q32B 32 Mbit serial flash memory (marked QH32b-104HIP) as before. And the other, smaller, five-lead (two on one side, three on the other) SOT-packaged IC, marked FE1RYE and not noted (albeit still there) before, is function-unknown to me. On the Tapo P105, it (assuming my commonality assumption is correct) was marked ACeN2. Ideas, readers?

In closing, I as usual was unable to gain access to the PCB backside, although as you might be able to discern from these shots, there’s not much there to write home about, anyway.

If you really care, the FCC site is always there to alternatively satiate your solder-blob appetites. With that, I’ll wrap up for today. Reader thoughts are as-always welcome in the comments!

—Brian Dipert is the associate editor, as well as a contributing editor, at EDN.

Related Content

• TP-Link’s Tapo P105: A Kasa EP10 clone, or evolutionarily derived?
• Tapo or Kasa: Which TP-Link ecosystem best suits ya?
• TP-Link’s Kasa EP10: If at first it doesn’t connect, buy, buy again
• TP-Link’s Kasa HS103: A smart plug with solid network connectivity
• TP-Link’s Kasa EP25: Energy monitoring for a hoped-for utility bill nose-dive

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The United States finalized two Joint High Energy Laser Weapon System contracts with nLIGHT Defence and Lockheed Martin Aculight on 9 th July 2026. This programme’s first contract awards are worth around $86 million, and its potential value is $847 million. With the help of this experimental display to be production-ready to oppose drone technologies along with travelling defence systems. High-energy lasers should be operating at the power range between 150 kilowatts for current designs and between 300 and 500 kilowatts required for advanced cruising defence engagement targets. Another incorporated system to operate at 500 kilowatts would be designed with the aid of tech established by the High Energy Laser Scaling Initiative.

Unlike interceptors, laser-powered weapons fire with no projectiles, travelling at the speed of light, and don’t need to launch missiles with every shot. So long as you have electricity for power, and a way to cool it down, a laser can have almost an effectively infinite capacity, and relatively low per-shot costs, perfect for swarms of large drones. The laser weapons will be relatively large and come in a modular, containerised format for placement on top of ground-based vehicles and for warships. The major hurdles to overcome include the effects of intervening air on the beam, focusing the weapons, getting it to cool down effectively, and consistently generating enough electricity.

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India has deployed indigenous sonars on board two newly inducted warships- the guided-missile stealth frigate INS Dunagiri and the anti-submarine warfare shallow water craft INS Agray- which were commissioned in Kolkata on 21 st June 2026, carrying more than 75% indigenous equipment. The sonar systems have been designed by the Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory, Kochi, of DRDO, and are manufactured by Bharat Electronics. INS Dunagiri is fitted with the HUMSA system known as HUMSA-2020, which is otherwise known as HUMSA-NG Mk II, employing contemporary electronics architecture for the purpose of long-range underwater detection and target acquisition capability. It has already undergone laboratory, factory, and ship-acceptance tests, and the sonar systems have been successfully accepted for deployment on board Indian Naval platforms.

INS Agray is equipped with Abhay PG shallow-water sonar suite. It is a light, hull-mounted suite that is meant for service in the littoral zones, where underwater terrain variations, reefs, shallow waves reflection and civilian ships produce lots of underwater acoustic clutter and acoustic interference. The sonar suite will be installed on 16 shallow water boats. It is to act as the underwater ‘ears and eyes of vessels’ to help track, classify and hunt submarines and other underwater threats, thereby aiding its anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capabilities, while minimizing India’s dependence on foreign sensors.

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The British company MGI Engineering is developing TigerShark- an autonomous, long-range offensive drone seen as a cheaper solution than cruise missiles. TigerShark is inspired by innovations from Formula One racing and other advanced engineering sectors, allowing it to serve as a quickly assembled, highly modular unmanned aircraft. Apparently, TigerShark is 5.5 meters in length, with a wingspan of 4.3 metres, and powered by two small turbojet engines. The aircraft is launched by a rocket booster from a mobile ground installation, can reach a speed of 750 kilometres per hour, can be equipped with up to 300 kilograms of modular loads, and can fly to a distance of about a thousand or more kilometres.

Aircraft include Auterion Skynode flight computer along with software. Inertial navigation and terrain-following are conceived to aid operation in areas of GPS-denied or interference. The weapon’s modular payloads bay is said to be large enough for traditional, EW or specialized warheads. Groups of TigerShark would be considered for an attack in an attempt to overwhelm and force an enemy air defence net and/or to prosecute a specific high-value target. These announced capabilities and production plans are expected to undergo additional development and client evaluation. This program is similar to the growing trend of developing rapidly produced, cheap, and software-denied deep strike weapon systems.

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Japan’s Ground Self-Defence Force will field test the HX-2 strike drone from Helsing, and the trials will run till the end of the Sept 2026. Rakuten is helping the German defence technology company navigate Japan’s procurement environment to secure a possible supply contract. The HX-2 is a software-defined all-electric loitering munition which could be used to attack artillery, armor, and fixed military targets, has a maximum range of 100 km and a weight of around 12kg; the drone could be configured with multipurpose, anti-tank and anti-structure warheads.

However, its cutting-edge technology is the on-board artificial intelligence; Helsing maintains the drone’s search-reacquisition capability without a persistent data link, allowing it to operate under a jammed satellite navigational and communication system, but critical engagement decisions still rest with man. In addition, HX-2 will integrate with Altra software, which is a reconnaissance-strike system, enabling remotely piloted aircraft (RPVs), reconnaissance, and cooperation with one another. OTA software updates enable the software to meet evolving threats. Thus, it is concluded that Japanese trials reflect the increasing need for a mass-produced UAV in a high electronic warfare domain.

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Germany’s POLARIS Spaceplanes has flown the COBRA 600, an unmanned aircraft designed in collaboration with Diehl Defence as part of the Airborne Launching and Attack System programme. Details of the successful first sortie, a smooth flight of roughly 20km undertaken on 22 August 2026, with subsequent testing to follow, were published in a statement issued that day. The jet-powered, reusable, flying wing aircraft, intended to carry an IRIS-T air-to-air missile beneath an upper-mounted launching rail, has a flight weight of more than 600 kg. The first flight tested the base vehicle and did not involve carrying or launching a weapon.

This application does exactly the same, except for turning missile launches into unmanned aircraft. Using the interceptor closer to where there’s a threat to a plane launched purely from the ground would surely increase effective range and get airborne defence without a manned plane, where usually such defence wouldn’t be present within range of stand-off weapons. They will have to show integration of the missile with the target’s detection system and also a secure command link in order for missiles to be launched safely into the air. This is just the first step in achieving a relatively cheap, distributed drone defence system.

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Think of a data diode as the digital equivalent of a mechanical check valve—it forces network traffic to flow in one direction only. By enforcing this strict physical separation, these hardware devices offer an unhackable barrier that software firewalls simply can’t match.

Think back to your earliest days at the lab bench, probing a standard PN junction. Its elegance lies entirely in its asymmetry: a fundamental, physics-driven one-way valve that lets electrons flow freely in forward bias while slamming the door shut the moment the potential flips—a behavior perfectly captured by that classic, sweeping I-V characteristic curve.

But what if we took this exact primitive concept and scaled it up? What if, instead of confining this one-way restriction to a microscopic sliver of silicon at the component level, we applied it to entire enterprise network architectures?

By shifting our focus from shifting electrical current to directing data streams, we unlock a formidable paradigm in hardware-enforced security: the data diode.

The physics of the “one-way mirror”

To understand why a data diode is virtually unhackable, you must strip away the network jargon and drop down to layer 1 physics. At its core, the device relies on a strict optical gap. Inside the chassis, the copper network line terminates at a dedicated light-emitting source, a laser or an LED. Facing it across a literal physical air gap sits a photodiode receiver. When data arrives, electricity translates to photons, flashes across the gap, and is converted back into bits on the isolated receiving network.

Here is where physics enforces security: a photodiode cannot be manipulated into emitting photons to talk back. There are no clever firmware exploits, zero-day vulnerabilities, or routing tricks that can reverse this flow. The probability of data leaking upstream against this optical barrier is a hardware-enforced mathematical zero.

Figure 1 A hardware data diode eliminates bidirectional attack vectors by forcing data into a strict, one-way physical path from Network 1 to Network 2. Source: Author

Yet, while this absolute isolation satisfies the security engineer, it introduces a catastrophic headache for the network engineer. By completely severing the return path, you instantly break the fundamental mechanics of modern communication protocols.

The “No-ACK” paradox

Every network engineer knows that reliable communication is built entirely on a digital handshake. You send a packet, and you wait for the receiving end to say, “Got it.” But what happens when you violently amputate that return path? You enter the “No-ACK” paradox.

By stripping away the return channel, standard TCP becomes completely useless. There is no three-way handshake, no sliding window for flow control, and absolutely no Acknowledgement (ACK) packet. The transmitting side is effectively screaming into a void, completely blind to whether its data arrived intact, corrupted, or at all. To survive in this one-way environment, network protocols must shift from the comfortable, deterministic reliability of TCP to a brutal, speculative UDP-style broadcast.

To bridge this gap without data loss, engineers can’t rely on retransmission; they must rely on math. This is where Forward Error Correction (FEC) algorithms, such as Reed-Solomon coding, come into play. Instead of sending just the raw payload, the transmitting side injects precise mathematical redundancy into the data stream.

If a burst of packets gets dropped or corrupted across the optical gap, the receiver uses these error-correcting codes to algorithmically reconstruct the missing data on the fly. It’s a brilliant piece of engineering jujitsu: solving a physical limitation with pure algebraic resilience.

Here is a side note: While the optical gap in a data diode enforces one-way flow at the hardware level, in practice, integration errors, side-channel exposures, or misconfigured surrounding systems can still undermine security. Likewise, FEC boosts reliability but does not guarantee absolute integrity under all throughput and latency conditions. Just to keep some expectations low, data diodes are best understood as exceptionally robust components within a layered defense strategy, not as flawless stand-alone solutions.

System-level reality: Where theory meets the grid

In the abstract, a one-way data stream sounds like an elegant mathematical exercise. In the wild, it’s the thin line defending critical infrastructure. This is especially true in operational technology (OT) environments, where a compromised network doesn’t just mean leaked passwords; it means physical destruction.

Consider the classic security layout of a nuclear power plant or a massive regional utility grid. Engineers need real-time thermodynamic telemetry, vibration data, and RPM metrics from a massive turbine generator to monitor efficiency and predict maintenance needs. This data must be sent out to the open corporate network and cloud-analytics platforms where data scientists can dissect it. However, you cannot risk a single malicious bit traveling back down that wire to manipulate the turbine’s control systems.

By dropping a data diode directly between the critical OT network and the standard IT infrastructure, you achieve absolute isolation. The telemetry streams out continuously, but the physical layer ensures that the turbine controls remain totally invisible and inaccessible to the outside world. It creates an impenetrable digital fortress around the infrastructure that keeps the lights on.

Figure 2 Enabling unidirectional data transfer over fiber-optic cable, this data diode uses hardware separation to guarantee absolute network security. Source: Fibersystem

This brings us squarely back to the core philosophy of robust engineering design. When the stakes are this high, software firewalls—with their endless cycles of patches, configurations, and human errors—are no longer enough. True security requires moving past the ephemeral nature of code and anchoring your defense in the unyielding laws of hardware physics.

Ultimate testing ground: Avionics and high-flying isolation

While power grids demonstrate the power of hardware isolation on the ground, the aerospace industry represents perhaps the most demanding and critical application landscape for data diodes. Modern commercial aircraft are essentially flying data centers, generating massive volumes of non-critical data—fuel efficiency metrics, cabin temperature logs, and passenger infotainment streams—that must be offloaded to ground stations or corporate servers.

However, the passenger entertainment system and the flight control computer cannot share a standard, bi-directional connection; a rogue packet crossing into the flight guidance system represents an unacceptable, catastrophic safety risk. Avionics engineers solve this by implementing data diodes—often integrated into ARINC 429 or ARINC 664/AFDX network gateways.

Telemetry flows seamlessly from the cockpit down to the cabin and maintenance servers, but the physical layer ensures that a passenger trying to access the onboard Wi-Fi can never send a single bit upstream to the flight control surfaces.

Figure 3 The hardware-enforced, single-chip data diode VEGAS-429 secures the ARINC 429 serial avionics bus by physically preventing malicious back-feeding or data corruption from untrusted devices. Source: NuWaves RF Solutions

Fundamental takeaway and a challenge to the bench

Ultimately, the data diode reminds us of a fundamental truth that is often forgotten in a software-centric world: software is mutable, complex, and inherently buggy, while physics is rigid, predictable, and absolute. The industry spends billions of dollars and endless development hours in a reactive cycle of patching software vulnerabilities, updating firewalls, and chasing zero-day exploits.

Yet, the most robust network security boundary ever devised doesn’t run a single line of code. It’s forged in silicon, gallium arsenide, and glass. When the stakes are absolute, physics remains the only truly unhackable firewall.

So, for the modern engineer, maker, and hardware hobbyist, this paradigm is a call to action. It proves that the most elegant solutions to massive digital problems are often found right at the component level, sitting on the breadboard.

Figure 4 High-speed CMOS optocouplers such as ACPL072L isolate data channels to facilitate secure data-diode prototyping. Source: Author

Take this as a design challenge for your next deep-bench project. Try stripping away the bi-directional safety nets of standard networking and build a proprietary one-way data link from scratch.

Bench challenge: How would you design a high-throughput, low-latency communication protocol over a medium that physically forbids the receiver from talking back? Beyond basic Reed-Solomon codes, how would you structure timing loops, heartbeat signals, or frame interleaving to guarantee 99.999% data integrity without a single ACK packet?

Dust off the optocouplers, fire up the microcontrollers, and lay out your architectural ideas, mathematical models, or protocol hacks in the comments below. It’s time to build.

T. K. Hareendran is a self-taught electronics enthusiast with a strong passion for innovative circuit design and hands-on technology. He develops both experimental and practical electronic projects, documenting and sharing his work to support fellow tinkerers and learners. Beyond the workbench, he dedicates time to technical writing and hardware evaluations to contribute meaningfully to the maker community.

Related Content

• Ideal Diode ideas
• Diode classifications
• Diode Characteristics
• Optocoupler Input Drive Circuits
• Guidelines for reading an optocoupler datasheet

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Indian Railways is planning to offer charging stations for Electric Vehicles at its railway stations. According to a recent notification from the North Central Railways zone, a tender has been floated for the installation of EV charging stations at Prayagraj Junction, Manikpur, and Aligarh railway stations, furthering charging station development at various locations frequented by the masses.

Implementing EV charging infrastructure at railway stations can offer good accessibility and have electrical grid connectivity as they are generally located within main routes. Charging stations at these locations can be used as supplementary points of charging for EVs while contributing to the expansion of public charging infrastructure.

Additionally, the campaign shows the prospects of interconnecting transport infrastructure and energy infrastructure. Railway stations have already got electrical linkages, parking sites, as well as passengers coming in large numbers; and that makes them appropriate spots for charging stations. Such sites could be used for servicing many classes of EVs ranging from passenger cars, commercial vehicles and other forms of electric mobility with varying sizes of charging infrastructure.

The North Central Railway project demonstrates how existing transport infrastructure can support India’s expanding EV charging network. As EV adoption increases, railway stations and other transport hubs could become strategically important charging locations, provided adequate electrical capacity, load management, protection and energy-management systems are deployed. This could help integrate charging infrastructure with existing power networks while improving access to public EV charging.

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JSW MG Motor India is all set to roll out its electric SUV this month. This India-specific electric SUV from SAIC Motor’s Indian arm, will be launched on August 26, 2026. The SUV will be the first production model to feature new technology – MG ADAPT (Advanced Drive Architecture Platform Technology). The modular platform will be able to accommodate different electrified powertrain setups, namely BEVs (Battery Electric Vehicle), HEVs (Hybrid Electric Vehicles), PHEVs (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle), and REEVs (Range-Extended Electric Vehicles).

The development represents a wider shift in the automotive industry toward the use of flexible vehicle architectures. Rather than designing separate platforms for different propulsion technologies, a multiple-powertrain architecture enables automakers to present numerous powertrain architectures using a single vehicle architecture. This, potentially, enables car manufacturers to develop vehicles faster and simplify production processes, and manufacturers are more efficiently able to respond to shifts in consumer needs and demands.

The MG ADAPT system combines a dedicated hybrid engine, battery, 10-in-1 Intelligent Electric Drive Unit and electromagnetic dedicated hybrid transmission, with an intelligent energy management system. The intelligent management system controls all the components to allow the vehicle to switch between pure EV, Series Hybrid, Parallel Hybrid and Engine Direct Drive mode as per the situation.

The MG ADAPT platform goes way beyond just another new EV platform. It’s also an example of how automakers are dealing with the complex balancing act of electrification, cost and the need to allow buyers to select vehicles that suit their lifestyles.

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​Omega Seiki Mobility (OSM) has joined hands with ELECTRA AI to bring intelligent battery health services to the EVs in its electric vehicle ecosystem. Through this alliance, real-time tracking of battery health, prediction capabilities, and State of Health (SoH) will be added to OSM’s entire fleet. With the rise of EV adoption in India, battery health, reliability, and performance over its lifespan have become more crucial.

As part of the collaboration agreement, ELECTRA AI’s battery intelligence platform would enhance OSM’s visibility of battery performance and health, and this technology would assist in driving predictive maintenance, vehicle uptime improvements, warranty management and using data to advance product development.

For decades, battery management systems (BMS) have been monitoring parameters like temperature, voltage, and current in a manner to ensure efficient and safe function of the battery pack. With the help of Artificial Intelligence, together with advanced data analytics functionality, it’s possible to go beyond the scope of conventional monitoring by analysing the battery data over time and detect changes occurring in the battery’s condition.

For India’s commercial EV sector, where vehicle uptime directly affects operating economics, intelligent battery monitoring could therefore become an important technology layer. Instead of relying solely on periodic diagnostics, AI-enabled systems can continuously analyse operational data and provide insights into battery behaviour.​

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​Gulf Oil is investing Rs 50 crore to scale up Tirex’s Ahmedabad plant capacity from 1,800 to 3,000 DC fast chargers per year. The expansion enables the company to capture the rising demand in India’s e-bus market while growing its non-lubricant future-mobility portfolio. The company has announced a planned capital expenditure of Rs 50 crore to expand the production capabilities of its EV manufacturing arm, Tirex Transmission Private Limited. The investment will nearly double the annual capacity of Tirex’s Ahmedabad facility to around 3,000 DC fast chargers, up from the current 1,800 units.

This strategic move aims to leverage the rapid volume growth and strong momentum in India’s electric bus and commercial fleet segments. Currently, Gulf Oil holds a 65.18% controlling stake in Tirex Transmission Private Limited. This announcement is expected to raise Tirex’s annual manufacturing capacity to 3,000 DC fast chargers from the current 1,800 units, representing a targeted capacity doubling at Tirex’s Ahmedabad plant. The capacity scaling enhances Tirex’s ability to bid for larger municipal and corporate electric bus charging contracts. A larger manufacturing footprint establishes Tirex as an institutional leader in the localized EV charger manufacturing space​.

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Brandworks Technologies Pvt. Ltd., India’s fastest-growing design-driven and R&D-led electronics manufacturing company, has received approval under the Government of India’s Electronics Components Manufacturing Scheme (ECMS) for the manufacturing of speakers and microphones, marking a significant step in the company’s efforts to strengthen domestic electronics component manufacturing and contribute to India’s growing electronics manufacturing ecosystem.

Brandworks’ approval for speakers and microphones places it among the companies being supported under ECMS to build domestic capabilities across critical electronics components. The category forms an important part of the wider electronics value chain, with applications spanning consumer electronics, automotive systems, smart devices, communication equipment and other connected products. The company also holds an exclusive license for Dolby Atmos soundbars in India, further strengthening its capabilities and expertise in the audio technology segment.

Commenting on the development, Ishwar Kumhar, Co-founder and CEO, Brandworks Technologies, said, “The ECMS approval for speakers and microphones marks an important milestone in Brandworks’ journey of contributing to India’s electronics manufacturing ecosystem. Our ongoing engagement with the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology has been an important part of this journey, and this approval further strengthens our commitment to supporting the Government of India’s vision for a deeper and more self-reliant electronics value chain. We aim to continue working closely with the government and industry stakeholders to accelerate domestic component manufacturing, build advanced capabilities in India and create a stronger, globally competitive electronics ecosystem.”

Nikita Kumawat, Co-founder and Director, Brandworks Technologies, said, “The approval under ECMS is a strong validation of the capabilities we have been building across electronics design, engineering and manufacturing. Speakers and microphones are at the centre of a wide range of connected and consumer electronics products, and developing these capabilities domestically will allow us to contribute greater value across the electronics supply chain. We see this as an opportunity to further strengthen our manufacturing capabilities in India and build solutions that can cater to both domestic and global requirements.”

The approval comes as the Government of India continues to accelerate the development of a deeper and more self-reliant electronics supply chain through ECMS. With the latest round of approvals, 106 projects covering 30 products across 15 states have now been approved under the scheme, representing a total approved investment of ₹69,548 crore and projected production of ₹5,34,101 crore. The scheme is designed to encourage investments across key electronics components, sub assemblies, supply-chain products and capital goods, with a focus on increasing domestic value addition and reducing dependence on imports.

For Brandworks, the latest approval builds on its continued engagement with the Government of India’s efforts to advance the country’s electronics and technology ecosystem. The company has previously partnered with the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) through initiatives focused on strengthening India’s capabilities in emerging electronics and technology domains. The ECMS approval further reflects Brandworks’ continued commitment to contributing to the country’s transition towards deeper domestic manufacturing and greater value addition across the electronics supply chain.

The approval also represents an opportunity for Brandworks to further integrate component manufacturing into its electronics manufacturing portfolio while creating capabilities that can support the evolving requirements of India’s fast-growing electronics industry. The company intends to leverage its manufacturing and engineering capabilities to develop scalable production infrastructure for speakers and microphones and support customers across multiple electronics segments.

The development comes at a time when India’s electronics manufacturing sector is witnessing increasing demand for locally manufactured components, driven by the growth of smartphones, wearables, smart consumer devices, automotive electronics, connected devices and other technology-led products.

With the ECMS approval, Brandworks aims to play a larger role in this transition by contributing to a more resilient, locally anchored, and globally competitive electronics supply chain from India, while working closely with the government and industry ecosystem to advance the country’s electronics component manufacturing capabilities.

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Have been using the SpaceMouse Enterprise for about 3 years, always think the surrounding buttons are among the worst, both the feel and layout are awful. Today the delete key stopped working, so I took it apart to repair, also as a good opportunity to see what's inside. I thought it would be some crappy key switches, to my surprise, it's membrane. It feels strange to see such a relatively expensive device using membrane keypads. submitted by /u/EVERV01D [link] [comments]

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Small share: I'm building a connected mailbox (ESP32 + LoRa) that notifies me when the mail carrier passes by, and I wanted the transmitter unit (inside the mailbox, battery-powered) to draw as little current as possible. Instead of going with classic deep sleep, I went with a full hardware power cutoff using a MOSFET. The circuit comes from Random Nerd Tutorials: https://randomnerdtutorials.com/latching-power-switch-circuit-auto-power-off-circuit-esp32-esp8266-arduino/ The principle: a contact (a push button in their design, a reed switch on my mailbox flap in mine) briefly wakes the board through a P-channel MOSFET, then a GPIO takes over to keep the power on while the program runs, and cuts everything off itself once its job is done. The only thing I added compared to the original schematic is a small capacitor, to avoid an unwanted power cut if the contact happens to open again just before the GPIO has had time to take over. submitted by /u/Astro-Phil [link] [comments]

🤖 III Відкрита літня школи «Штучний інтелект 2026: сьогодення і майбутнє» kpi пт, 08/21/2026 - 23:59

КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, OBRIO та Genesis розпочинають довгострокове освітнє партнерство KPI4U-2 пт, 08/21/2026 - 16:28

The frequency response of a Butterworth filter is not supposed to have any peaking. SPICE claims the contrary.

I came across an online datasheet for some op-amps where I found two schematics that intrigued me. Screen-shotting them together resulted in the following montage (Figure 1).

Figure 1 Two published filter circuits that caught the author’s eye.

Doing a quick Google search on the term “Butterworth Filter Response” yielded the following two paragraphs.

The Butterworth filter is a type of signal processing filter designed to have a frequency response that is as flat as possible in the passband. It is also referred to as a maximally flat magnitude filter.

As the ripple increases (bad), the roll-off becomes sharper (good). The Chebyshev response is an optimal trade-off between these two parameters. When the ripple is set to 0%, the filter is called a maximally flat or Butterworth filter (after S. Butterworth, a British engineer who described this response in 1930).

This was nothing new, but I just wanted to confirm for myself that the frequency response of a Butterworth filter is not supposed to have any peaking.

Putting these two filters into a SPICE simulation led to something unexpected (Figures 2 and 3).

Figure 2 This SPICE simulation of the low-pass filter circuit seemingly shows peaking.

Figure 3 This SPICE simulation of the high-pass filter circuit also seemingly shows peaking.

Both simulations show peaking in their frequency responses, which for a Butterworth filter is not supposed to be the case. I then modified the circuits as shown in Figures 4 and 5, with the  simulation results again also included in the graphics.

Figure 4 This SPICE simulation of the modified low-pass filter circuit is absent any peaking.

Figure 5 This SPICE simulation of the modified high-pass filter circuit is also absent any peaking.

One change to each filter, highlighted in the graphics, seemed to correct the peaking issue. Whether the modified filter coefficients are truly Butterworth might be questioned, but for all practical purposes, these two changes seem good enough.

The applicable caveat is that if you really do need a Butterworth or Chebyschev or Bessel or Elliptical or…. filter frequency response, don’t just blindly follow whatever example you might find printed, no matter who wrote it. Check your design independently of any supplier’s application note(s).

An approximation might not be good enough to serve your needs.

John Dunn is an electronics consultant and a graduate of The Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn (BSEE) and of New York University (MSEE).

Related Content

• A digital filter system (DFS), Part 1
• A digital filter system (DFS), Part 2
• Using oscilloscope filters for better measurements
• Component tolerance sensitivities of single op-amp filter sections
• Toward better behaved Sallen-Key low pass filters

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India is continuously making efforts to increase its domestic battery production ecosystem amid mounting pressure for electric vehicles (EVs) and energy-storage systems. Announced battery-cell manufacturing projects currently total nearly 100-gigawatt hours (GWh) in capacity, a significant increase from the historical heavy reliance of India on importing the key lithium-ion cells. Still, a significant barrier to bringing on announced cell production and a holistic domestically sourced battery supply chain exists in the country.

The development is particularly important for India’s rapidly growing EV industry, where batteries make up a large portion of the total vehicle cost, directly impacting range, performance and cost-effectiveness. The strengthening of India’s indigenous battery cell manufacturing system could reduce its dependence on global supply chains and support India’s overall aspirations for electric mobility.

Driven by policy initiatives, including the Rs 18,100 crore Advanced Chemistry Cell (ACC) Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme, India has been promoting domestic ACC manufacturing. The programme plans for the manufacturing of large-scale battery cells and also focuses on domestic value addition.

As India’s EVs grow in number, India must develop its capability for large-scale manufacturing. Approaching 100 GWh of announced capacity marks significant progress, but the real hurdle will be turning those announcements into functioning factories, along with developing the domestic technologies and upstream supply chains necessary to make India’s EV battery ecosystem less dependent on the global value chains.

The post India Announces Nearly 100 GWh of Domestic Battery-Cell Capacity appeared first on ELE Times.