Збирач потоків

I’ve been getting a new email like this from my preferred PCB vendor almost daily. submitted by /u/fritoburritobandito [link] [comments]

All my capacitors have linked in to a ball. Guessing all the vibrations from shipping did this. submitted by /u/Whyjustwhydothat [link] [comments]

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Serial EEPROMs from ST contain a unique 128-bit read-only ID for product recognition and tracking without requiring an extra component. Preprogrammed and permanently locked at the factory, the unique ID (UID) enables basic product identification and clone detection as an alternative to an entry-level secure element.

Initially available in 64-kbit and 128-kbit versions, the M24xxx-U series spans storage densities from 32 kbits to 2 Mbits. Each device retains its UID throughout the end-product lifecycle—from sourcing and manufacturing to deployment, maintenance, and disposal. The UID ensures seamless traceability, aiding reliability analysis and simplifying equipment repair.

These CMOS EEPROMs endure 4 million write cycles and retain data for 200 years. They operate from 1.7 V to 5.5 V and support 100-kHz, 400-kHz, and 1-MHz I2C bus speeds. The devices offer random and sequential read access, along with a write-protect feature for the entire memory array.

The 64-kbit M24C64-UFMN6TP is available now, priced from $0.13, while the 128-kbit M24128-UFMN6TP starts at $0.15 for orders of 10,000 units. Additional densities will be released during the second quarter of 2025.

STMicroelectronics

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Diodes’ AH4930Q sensor detects magnetic fields along the X, Y, and Z axes for contactless rotary motion and proximity sensing. As the company’s first automotive-compliant 3D linear Hall effect sensor, the AH4930Q is well-suited for rotary and push selectors in infotainment systems, stalk gear shifters, door handles and locks, and power seat adjusters.

Qualified to AEC-Q100 Grade 1, the AH4930Q operates over a temperature range of -40°C to +125°C and integrates a 12-bit temperature sensor for accurate on-chip compensation. It also features a 12-bit ADC, delivering high resolution in each measurement direction, down to 1 Gauss per bit (0.1 mT) for precise positional accuracy. An I2C interface supports data reading and runtime programming with host systems up to 1 Mbps, enabling real-time adjustments.

The sensor features three operating modes and a power-down mode with a consumption of just 9 nA. Its modes balance power and data acquisition, ranging from a low-power mode at 13 µA (10 Hz) to a fast-sampling mode at 3.8 mA (3.3 kHz) for continuous measurement. Operating with supply voltages from 2.8 V to 5.5 V, the AH4930Q offers a 10-µs wake-up time, 4-µs response time, and wide bandwidth for fast data acquisition in demanding applications.

Supplied in a 6-pin SOT26 package, the AH4930Q costs $0.50 each in lots of 1000 units.

AH4930Q product page

Diodes

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Keysight AI (KAI) Data Center Builder emulates AI workloads without requiring large GPU clusters, enabling evaluation of how new algorithms, components, and protocols affect AI training. The software suite integrates large language model (LLM) and other AI model workloads into the design and validation of AI infrastructure components, including networks, hosts, and accelerators.

KAI Data Center Builder simulates real-world AI training network patterns to speed experimentation, reduce the learning curve, and identify performance degradation causes that real jobs may not reveal. Keysight customers can access LLM workloads like GPT and Llama, along with popular model partitioning schemas, such as Data Parallel (DP), Fully Sharded Data Parallel (FSDP), and 3D parallelism.

The KAI Data Center Builder workload emulation application allows AI operators to:

• Experiment with parallelism parameters, including partition sizes and distribution across AI infrastructure (scheduling)
• Assess the impact of communications within and between partitions on overall job completion time (JCT)
• Identify low-performing collective operations and pinpoint bottlenecks
• Analyze network utilization, tail latency, and congestion to understand their effect on JCT

For more information on the KAI Data Center Builder, or to request a demo or price quote, click the product page link below.

KAI Data Center Builder product page

Keysight Technologies 

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Leveraging Menlo’s Ideal Switch technology, the MM5230 RF switch minimizes insertion loss and provides high power handling in a chip-scale package. The device is a SP4T switch that operates from DC to 18 GHz, which extends to 26 GHz in SPST Super-Port mode. Designed for high-power applications, it supports up to 25 W continuous and 150 W pulsed power.

The MM5230 is well-suited for defense and aerospace, medical equipment, test and measurement, and wireless infrastructure applications. With an on-state insertion loss of just 0.3 dB at 6 GHz, it minimizes signal degradation, ensuring high performance in sensitive systems, low-loss switch matrices, switched filter banks, and tunable filters. Additionally, the MM5230 provides high linearity with a typical IIP3 of 95 dBm, preserving signal integrity for smooth communication or data transfer.

The switch’s 2.5×2.5-mm chip-scale package eases integration into a wide range of systems and conserves valuable board space. Additionally, the Ideal Switch fabrication process enhances reliability and endurance. 

The MM5230 RF switch is available for purchase through Menlo Microsystems’ distributor network.

MM5230 product page 

Menlo Microsystems 

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Kioxia, AIO Core, and Kyocera have prototyped a PCIe 5.0-compatible broadband SSD with an optical interface. The trio is developing broadband optical SSD technology for advanced applications requiring high-speed, large-volume data transfer, such as generative AI. They will also conduct proof-of-concept testing to support real-world adoption and integration.

Combining AIO Core’s IOCore optical transceiver and Kyocera’s OPTINITY optoelectronic integration module, Kioxia’s prototype delivers twice the bandwidth of the PCIe 4.0 optical SSD demonstrated in August 2024. Replacing electrical wiring with an optical interface increases the allowable distance between compute and storage devices in next-generation green data centers while preserving energy efficiency and signal integrity. 

The prototype was developed under Japan’s “Next Generation Green Data Center Technology Development” project (JPNP21029), part of NEDO’s Green Innovation Fund initiative. The project aims to reduce data center energy consumption by over 40% through next-generation technologies. Kioxia is developing optical SSDs, AIO Core is working on optoelectronic fusion devices, and Kyocera is creating optoelectronic packaging.

No timeline for commercialization has been announced.

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submitted by /u/PulseStm [link] [comments]

NUBURU Inc of Centennial, CO, USA — which was founded in 2015 and develops and manufactures high-power industrial blue lasers — is to unwind its $2m share exchange agreement and partnership announced on 28 February with HUMBL Inc (a strategic holding company with a focus on Brazil). After a thorough strategic review, NUBURU’s management has determined that continuing the partnership no longer aligns with its core business objectives...

First time soldering on copper clad. Negative feedback configured 10 V/V OpAmp submitted by /u/WirelessEthernett [link] [comments]

Figure 1’s negative constant current source has been a textbook application for the LM337 regulator forever (or thereabouts). It precisely maintains a constant output current (Iout) by forcing the OUTPUT pin to be the negative Vadj relative to the ADJ pin. Thus, Iout = Vadj/Rs. 

Figure 1 Classic LM337 constant negative current source where Iout ≃ Vadj/Rs = 1.25/Rs.

Wow the engineering world with your unique design: Design Ideas Submission Guide

It has worked well for half a century despite its inflexibility. I say it’s inflexible because the way you program Iout is by changing Rs. It may be hard to believe that a part so mature (okay old) as the 337 might have any new tricks left to learn, but Figure 2 teaches it one anyway. It’s a novel topology with better agility. It leaves the resistors constant and instead programs Iout with the (much smaller) control current (Ic). 

 

Figure 2 Rc typically >100Rs, therefore Ic < Iout/100 and Iout ≃ -(1.25 – (IcRc))/Rs.

Rc > 100Rs allows control of current of Iout with only milliamps of Ic. Figure 3 shows the idea fleshed out into a complete PWM-controlled 18 V, 1 A grounded-load negative current source.

Figure 3 An 18 V, 1 A, PWM-programmed grounded load negative current source with a novel LM337 topology. With this topology, accuracy is insensitive to supply rail tolerance. The asterisked resistors are 1% or better and Rs = 1.25 Ω.

The PWM frequency, Fpwm, is assumed to be 10 kHz or thereabouts, if it isn’t, scale C1 and C3 appropriately with:

C1 = 0.5µF*10kHz/Fpwm and,

C3 = 2µF*10kHz/Fpwm.

The resulting 5-Vpp PWM switching by Q1 creates a variable resistance averaged by C1 to R4/Df, where Df = the 0 to 1 PWM duty factor. Thus, at Z1’s Adj point:

Ic = 0 to 1.24V/R4 = 3.1 mA,

The second-order PWM ripple filtering gives a respectable 8-bit settling time of 6 ms with Fpwm = 10 kHz.

Z1 servos the V1 gate drive of Q3 to hold the FET’s source at its precision 1.24-V reference and then level shift the resulting Ic to track U1’s ADJ pin. Also summed with Ic is Iadj bias compensation (1.24V/20k = 62µA) provided by R2.

This term zeros out U1’s typical Iadj and cuts its max 100 µA error by 60%. Meanwhile, D1 insures that Iout is forced to zero when 5 V drops by saturating Q2 and making Ic large enough to turn U1 completely off, thus protecting the load.

About the 1N4001 daisy chain: There’s a possibility of Iout > 0 at Ic = max and a resulting reverse bias of the load; some loads might not tolerate this. The 1N4001s block that, and also provide bias for the power-down cutoff of Iout when +5-V rail shuts down.

Note that the accuracy of IcRc = Vadj is assured by the match of the Rc resistors and precision of the Z1 and U1 internal references. It’s therefore independent of the tolerance of the +5-V rail, although it should be accurate to ± 5% for best PWM ripple suppression. Iout is linear with PWM duty factor Df = 0 to 1:

Iout = -1.25 Df/Rs

If Rs = 1.25 Ω, then Iout(max) = 1 A. 

Note that U1 may have to dissipate as much as 23 W if Iout(max) = 1 A and the load voltage is low. Moral of the story: Be generous with the heatsink area! Also, Rs should be rated for a wattage of 1.252/Rs.

Stephen Woodward’s relationship with EDN’s DI column goes back quite a long way. Over 100 submissions have been accepted since his first contribution back in 1974.

 Related Content

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• Classic 3-leg adjustable regulators have a shunt mode? Who knew?
• 1-A, 20-V, PWM-controlled current source
• Symmetrical 10 V, 1.5 A PWM-programmed power supply
• A safe adjustable regulator

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