Збирач потоків

Photonic simulation CAD software developer Photon Design Ltd of Oxford, UK says that it has enabled pioneering, multi-junction vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) simulation, within its HAROLD simulation tool...

Billion Electric Mobility (BillionE) has partnered with JK Cement to deploy 150 heavy-duty electric trucks across Karnataka, Maharashtra and Goa, making one of the region’s largest deployments of electric trucks for cement logistic. The collaboration began with an initial fleet of 20 electric trucks from JK Cement’s Muddapur plant in Karnataka, with the remaining vehicles planned to be introduced in phases. The partnership represents a significant step in the adoption of battery-electric vehicle for heavy duty transportation. The truck is expected to be deployed in phases by March 2027, according to reports.

This latest deployment by JK Cement is one of the largest deployments of electric trucks in the cement sector in India. The project will help the company gain practical experience in operating heavy-duty electric trucks on high-volume transport routes and in challenging conditions. It will also demonstrate the potential of electric trucks for B2B logistics and commercial freight operations.

The initial fleet will feature Montra Electric’s Rhino 5538, a 55-tonne electric truck. The model will be available in both tipper and tractor-trailer versions, with JK Cement initially deploying the tractor-trailer variant. The truck will be offered in a 4×2 configuration and powered by a 280-kW electric motor and a 282-kWh LFP battery pack. Depending on the variant and operating conditions, it is claimed to offer a range of 198 km or 169 km. The battery can be charged from 20% to 100% in approximately one hour.

The phased deployment by BillionE and JK Cement aims to show that electric trucks can support regular, real-world freight operations at scale, rather than being limited to small pilot projects. By combining high-capacity electric trucks, fast charging, and smart route planning, the project could provide a model for the logistics industry to move towards zero-emission freight transport.

The post Billion Electric, JK Cement Partner to Deploy 150 Heavy-Duty Electric Trucks for Green Freight appeared first on ELE Times.

Now, India is about to move a further step ahead in enhancing its airborne surveillance and monitoring with the development of Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C) Mk II or Netra Mk II. Under the programme, six Airbus A321 aircraft will be converted into sophisticated airborne surveillance aircraft. Reports suggest that DRDO has inked a contract with the aviation giants to get the jets converted as advanced Airborne Early Warning and Control aircraft, as per the Defence Analysis Wing of India’s Defence Ministry.

These new aircraft are supposed to carry advanced electronic warfare systems which are also capable of detecting and tracking aerial targets at high altitudes and from large distances. Equipped with highly capable radars and state-of-the-art electronic sensors, such platforms allow commanders to expand their real-time battlefield awareness and to effectively command coordinated counter-attack actions.

Electronic Age of warfare: “With the production of this aircraft, we would reduce our dependence on imported advanced electronics for such applications and achieve indigenisation”. Said by Mr R.N. Murali, Director. R&D facility, India. With the development of Netra Mark II, electronics will play just as important a role as our traditional weapons. Improved radars, data link, secure radio, processing capability & C2 system. The technology has to be a force for our country.

The programme is poised to enhance India’s indigenous air surveillance capability, enabling it to quickly respond to developing situations, and improving sky surveillance.

The post India Moves Ahead with Netra Mk II: Six Airbus A321s to Become Advanced Airborne Surveillance Platforms appeared first on ELE Times.

India is rapidly developing solutions for this threat of drone swarms and unmanned aerial systems that are proving to be a major problem for troops on modern battlefields. Its own drone counter system now incorporates radar and electro-optical and infrared sensors together with radio frequency detection and electronic warfare systems.

Through this technology a defence force should be able to not just detect and identify a drone, but also monitor it and determine an appropriate response. For example, radar can detect drones as soon as they enter the operational area, then other better sensors can be used to corroborate a possible threat. Defensive electronic warfare devices may also be able to jam the drone’s navigation or communication system.

AI is predicted to have even a greater responsibility and help humans understand what they detect much faster, especially because AI processes sensor data. This includes detecting whether it is a bird or an insect etc. And identifying which is threatening amongst several targets, etc.

As drone technology becomes a cheaper alternative for even those with limited budgets, it’s telling how much New Delhi’s priorities to tech have turned to ‘state-of-the-art counter-drone electronics’ which, after all, seems like it could be another front on which to engage any future enemy; after all, the ‘next-gen battlefield might be determined not so much by firepower, but by those capable of finding targets the quickest, processing information the best, and fighting the smartest.

The post India Strengthens Counter-Drone Defence with AI, Radar and Electronic Warfare appeared first on ELE Times.

New EV Policy 2026 Announced BY THE DELHI GOVERNMENT FOR THE NATIONAL CAPITAL Delhi’s new Electric Vehicle (EV) Policy 2026 is set for a radical change for its citizens who would be encouraged to switch to cleaner ways of transport, predominantly through the use of Battery Electric vehicles (BEVs) in the national capital. With a proposed outlay of INR 15,000 crores across a period of 4 years, the policy approved by the Delhi Cabinet and implemented by July 1, 2026, promises to further drive the agenda for zero- emission-based commuting, keeping in mind the city’s alarming and growing problem of air pollution.

To ensure a smooth subsidy process, another major initiative that comes with this updated policy is the introduction of the Delhi EV Subsidy Portal. The portal allows successful EV buyers to apply online for purchase and scrappage incentives, monitor application status and directly receive subsidized benefits through the Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) system. The portal was introduced to make the subsidy process more transparent, accessible, and efficient for EV buyers.

This new policy marks a substantial boost in Delhi’s initiative to promote electric mobility. The state government is set to spend Rs 15,000 crore under the scope of the policy that will be effective until March 31, 2030. Much of the anticipated investment is set to support EV incentives, infrastructure charging support and other schemes geared towards creating a comprehensive EV ecosystem.

Delhi’s new INR 15,000-crore EV Policy 2026 represents one of the most ambitious state-level efforts in India to accelerate the transition towards electric mobility. By combining purchase subsidies, scrappage incentives, tax exemptions, charging infrastructure expansion, technology-based eligibility requirements, and phased registration measures, the policy seeks to create a comprehensive framework for increasing EV adoption.

The post Delhi EV Policy 2026: New Subsidy Portal Aims to Accelerate Electric Mobility with ₹15,000- Crore Budget appeared first on ELE Times.

Govt Approves Establishment of 2 New Electronics Manufacturing Clusters in Tamil Nadu, India to Boost Electronic Manufacturing Ecosystem. A further boost to the indigenous electronics manufacturing ecosystem has been given today. Government of India approves the setting up of two new Electronics Manufacturing Clusters (EMCs) in Tamil Nadu. A total outlay of Rs 1012 crore will be put into developing these EMCs, which will be constructed at Manallur and Pillapaikkam, creating a push towards industrial infrastructure development and attracting electronics manufacturers.

Union Minister for Electronics and Information Technology Ashwini Vaishnaw announced the approval through a written reply in the Lok Sabha on July 22, 2026. Under the two projects, the two industrial locations to be created will be spread over 850 acres, and will house units operating in diverse segments of the value chain of electronics companies.

Tamil Nadu State Electronics Manufacturing centres are one of the major centres in India in terms of electronics investment. With such investments, the state emerged as top hub in terms of investment and production in electronics manufacturing especially mobile phone manufacturing, assembly and automotive electronics manufacturing, and their supporting industrial sector. Manallur and Pillapaikkam EMC’s, after approval by GOI, might consolidate the existing manufacturing base while enabling the set up and expansion of new companies by Indian as well as foreign companies.

The approval of the Manallur and Pillapaikkam Electronics Manufacturing Clusters represents another important development in India’s effort to strengthen domestic electronics production. With a combined project cost of approximately ₹1,012 crore and a total area of more than 850 acres, the two clusters will add new manufacturing infrastructure to Tamil Nadu’s already significant electronics ecosystem.

The post India Approves Two Electronics Manufacturing Clusters in Tamil Nadu to Strengthen Domestic Electronics Ecosystem appeared first on ELE Times.

On 23 July, the Vermont Gallium-Nitride (V-GaN) Tech Hub hosted an open house to showcase its new Test and Characterization Facility (TCL), which is described as a critical resource for accelerating the transition of advanced semiconductor technologies from development to commercial deployment...

Since the development of power diodes and thyristors in the 1950s, silicon has been the dominant material for power electronics across applications ranging from electric vehicles to wind turbines. However, the emergence of wide-bandgap semiconductors such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) has enabled industry to push to higher voltages and smaller form factors while increasing efficiency and maintaining reliability. At the same time, early-stage research into the next generation of semiconductor materials, ultrawide-bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors, threatens to disrupt this space further...

A Chinese research team has achieved consecutive breakthroughs in gallium nitride (GaN) heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs), with results published in IEEE Electron Device Letters (IEEE EDL) in both 2025 and 2026. The 2026 paper was selected as an Editor’s Pick, marking a transition for GaN HBTs from frequency characterization to practical power application evaluation...

StraitsMicro, a Singapore-based deep-tech semiconductor product development and solutions company, is unveiling Visora, its sovereign Camera System-on-Chip (SoC) family, at an exclusive pre-silicon demonstration. Visora serves as the core processing engine for CCTV cameras and is designed as a secure, indigenous silicon alternative, addressing the gap created by the Government of India’s restriction on Chinese SoCs in surveillance hardware. Positioned as India’s sovereign surveillance SoC family, Visora is built for government, defence, smart-city, and critical-infrastructure use across India and global markets.

The company is taking its proof-of-concept to market through a series of three showcase touchpoints, supported by partners Proxelera (Bengaluru-based design partner), Aqtronics (distributor), with the India-Singapore semiconductor partnership as a supporting narrative.

Commenting on the demonstration, Mr. Pankaj Sharma, Founder & CEO, StraitsMicro, said, “Today marks the successful pre silicon validation of our indigenous CCTV Camera Edge AI SoC architecture. This reflects our commitment to developing trusted, secure and intelligent semiconductor solutions for surveillance and other applications for the Indian and global market. Our aim is to build a globally competitive semiconductor company leveraging India’s talent and strengths in design and Singapore’s capabilities and prowess in fabrication, manufacturing, quality and reliability engineering for semiconductors. With India as a major innovation and development hub duly complemented by Singapore with a robust semiconductor ecosystem, we look forward to working with government, industry, customers and partners to build relevant and trusted semiconductor solutions. This is only the beginning of our product and solutions roadmap. We welcome strategic partners and customers to join us on this exciting journey.”

The event featured a live FPGA-based Camera SoC demonstration, showcasing proposed AI features, security architecture, and performance. The Visora roadmap spans three products for CCTV and one product for Network Video Recorder (NVR). The entry-level Visora Edge supports video up to 5MP at 30fps for residential cameras, retail security, small and medium businesses and other cost-sensitive IP-camera applications. The mid-range Visora Secure supports up to 8MP at 30fps, an integrated AI accelerator and advanced low-light imaging for commercial surveillance, industrial applications, smart cities, traffic monitoring, railways and metros. The high-end Visora Pro scales to 4K at up to 120fps and can support up to eight cameras for defence, border security, safe-city projects, airports and other critical infrastructure. The Visora Network SoC for NVRs completes StraitsMicro’s trusted surveillance semiconductor platform by extending hardware-rooted security from the camera to the network, ensuring secure video processing, storage, and transmission while mitigating cyber threats and data leakage across the surveillance ecosystem.

Across the family, the proposed architecture combines an ultra-low-power multicore 64-bit CPU with hardware-accelerated AI, low-power DDR5, and H.265 video encoding, delivering very high compression. The frame-to-stream imaging pipeline incorporates multi-exposure HDR, motion-compensated 3D noise reduction, wide-angle and fisheye distortion correction, and on-chip lossless buffer compression that can reduce memory-bandwidth demand. Depending on the model, edge-AI functions range from motion and human detection to crowd analytics, facial recognition, behaviour analytics and advanced edge inference.

Mr. KT Chan, Director – Services & Partners, StraitsMicro, added, “Having spent three decades in the semiconductor industry, I believe trusted semiconductor technologies will play a critical role in the future of secure AI semiconductor solutions. StraitsMicro combines extensive experience, leadership, strong technical skills and capabilities, an innovative product development approach and international partnerships with worldwide reach to create semiconductor products and solutions in India with global relevance. Our goal is not only to develop world class semiconductor solutions but also to contribute to a trusted and resilient semiconductor ecosystem. We thank all our customers and partners for their support and look forward to creating lasting value together.”

StraitsMicro’s approach centers on fostering the electronics and semiconductor ecosystem through the establishment of a Semiconductor Development Hub for indigenous new products through co-creation; and providing value addition to domestic fabless semiconductor companies to help them build indigenous products, a holistic approach to developing the electronics and semiconductor ecosystem, spanning both the domestic and global markets.

 

The post StraitsMicro to Unveil India’s Sovereign Surveillance SoC in Exclusive Pre-Silicon Demonstration appeared first on ELE Times.

Kia India has added the Kia Syros EV, a compact electric SUV designed for India, to its EV line-up. The car carries a base price of ₹13.49 lakh (ex-showroom) and boasts a maximum ARAI-certified range of 526 km, as Kia strengthens its portfolio in India’s EV landscape. Deliveries of the Kia Syros EV will begin from July 30, 2026, across the brand’s dealerships.

The introduction of this vehicle marks a critical development in Kia’s objective to accelerate the pace of electrification and bring it into the reach of more and more Indian buyers. The Syros EV would be a compact SUV that integrates driving range, connectivity, driver-assistance technology, and practical urban dimensions as a complete package, derived from the existing Syros body style but features EV-specific modifications, a different front-end styling, an external charging port and a front trunk.

A key highlight of the vehicle is its battery and range capability. The larger 51.4-kWh battery pack provides an ARAI MIDC-certified range of up to 526 km, placing the Syros EV among the long-range options in its segment. Kia also offers two battery options, allowing customers to choose between different combinations of range, performance, and price. The company claims that the vehicle can be charged from 10% to 80% in approximately 39 minutes using a 100-kW DC fast charger under standard test conditions.

Launched at a time when there is already high competition in Indian electric subcompact SUV market. SyrosEV will compete with leading and well-established electric contenders in India such as Tata Motors & Mahindra. Combined with its small footprint as well as 500 km range claims, the car gets packed features and ownership options to stand out from the competition in the segment. As buyers are most anxious about charging options, range, battery warranty, & driving cost.

The post Kia Expands India’s EV Portfolio with New Syros Electric SUV appeared first on ELE Times.

Engineers are redefining energy by looking not at massive grids but at the overlooked flows around us. Rain gutter generators that channel storm runoff, tap-mounted turbines spinning with household water, and balcony-scale wind turbines catching urban breezes prove that power can be harvested wherever motion exists.

These micro power generators embody the spirit of engineering empowerment, transforming ordinary infrastructure into sustainable energy assets. By designing systems that thrive on the smallest currents, engineers are not just solving technical challenges; they are enabling a future where autonomy, resilience, and sustainability are built into the everyday fabric of life.

Harnessing gravity: Micro hydro power

You don’t need a colossal dam to tap into hydroelectricity—gravity and flowing water are enough. Whenever water moves downward, whether from a rooftop gutter or a household faucet, it carries kinetic energy that can be captured and converted into usable current.

Micro hydro systems thrive on small vertical drops, known as “head,” which create surprising pressure even in everyday settings. A rain gutter turbine, often built around a miniature Pelton wheel, can be placed at the base of a downspout so that rainfall from a two-story home delivers enough head to charge an outdoor battery bank, turning stormwater into renewable energy storage.

Faucet hydros, on the other hand, are pocket-sized turbines that screw directly onto sinks or showerheads, producing between 5-V and 12-V DC—the perfect range for powering smart water temperature displays, LED bathroom lighting, or other low-voltage gadgets. Together, these simple setups prove that even the smallest streams of water can be harnessed to generate clean electricity, making hydro power accessible at the scale of everyday living.

Figure 1 Micro-hydroelectric power generators convert kinetic energy from small water streams into sustainable electrical power. Source: Author

Catching the breeze: Urban wind

Just as falling water can be harnessed for energy, moving air offers another everyday source of clean electricity. Standard windmills are massive, but compact vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are reshaping the landscape for residential use. Unlike the towering three-blade giants on hillsides, these turbines resemble kinetic sculptures, blending into urban settings while quietly generating power.

Their design makes them safer for birds, more tolerant of turbulent wind bouncing off fences or house walls, and ideal for small spaces where airflow is unpredictable. With the ability to charge 12-V batteries, they provide reliable energy for garden sheds, security cameras, or other low-voltage systems, proving that even the breezes swirling through neighborhoods can be transformed into practical power.

Figure 2 Mini wind turbines harvest kinetic energy from turbulent urban breezes to provide localized renewable power. Source: Author

Harvesting the invisible: RF and Wi-Fi

If water and wind can be turned into electricity, why not the invisible waves that surround us every day? It may sound like science fiction, but it’s pure physics: electromagnetic energy from routers, cell towers, and radio stations constantly fills the air. RF energy harvesters capture this ambient power using a specialized antenna called a rectenna, which converts radio frequency signals into direct current. The output is small—usually measured in microwatts (𝜇𝑊)—but it’s enough to sustain ultra-low-power devices.

Imagine a moisture sensor in your garden that never needs a battery because it feeds on the Wi-Fi signal leaking from your window, or a network of “batteryless” sensors quietly monitoring conditions without ever needing replacement. By tapping into the invisible spectrum, RF harvesting extends the idea of micro power generation into the realm of everyday signals, proving that even the unseen can be harnessed for sustainable living.

Figure 3. The AEM30940 PMIC manages energy extraction from piezoelectric, micro-turbine, or high-frequency RF sources. It simultaneously charges a storage element while providing two independently regulated output voltages to power system components. Source: e-peas

Power from difference: Thermal energy

Just as water and wind can be harnessed for electricity, temperature itself can drive power generation through the Seebeck Effect. When one side of a material is hot and the other is cold, electrons begin to move, creating a voltage difference that can be captured as usable current.

This principle is already at work in stove-top generators found in many off-grid cabins, where a thermoelectric fan sits with its base on a hot wood stove and its top cooled by surrounding air. The temperature gradient produces enough electricity to spin the fan, circulating warmth throughout the room without external wiring.

On a smaller scale, wearable thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are emerging as a way to harvest body heat, powering fitness trackers and other low-power devices directly from the warmth of your skin. By turning everyday temperature differences into electricity, thermal energy harvesting extends the reach of micro power generation into both rustic cabins and modern wearables, proving that even the contrast between hot and cold can be transformed into sustainable current.

Figure 4 Stove-top thermoelectric generators convert waste heat into usable electricity. Source: TEG

Sunbeams to volts: The “magic” of micro-solar

At its heart, solar is the only micro-generator that feels like literal magic: it has zero moving parts, no loud turbines, and it runs on nothing but daylight. The fundamental “trick” is simply catching photons to knock electrons loose, creating a silent flow of power. Today, this technology is defined by “energy independence in a box,” where ultra-portable power stations—utilizing long-lasting LiFePO4 batteries and AI-driven energy management—allow anyone to build a personal power grid in minutes.

We’ve come a long way from the flimsy calculators of the 90s. From high-efficiency bifacial panels that harvest light from both sides to the emergence of perovskite-silicon tandem cells that pack 25% more power into the same small footprint, solar micro-generators provide a fuel-free alternative to traditional engines.

Whether it’s a balcony-mounted micro-inverter system or a foldable camping mat, solar is no longer just a “green” alternative; it’s the most reliable, scalable tool for decentralized power in our modern world. It’s basically like having a tiny, silent utility company that you can carry in your backpack.

Figure 5 N-type TOPCon dual-glass bifacial solar panels maximize energy harvesting by capturing incident sunlight on the front surface while simultaneously absorbing reflected light from the rear. Source: Author

Power of a pulse: Stepping into piezo power

While solar catches light, piezoelectric generators catch movement. The fundamental principle is almost toy-like in its simplicity: certain materials, like specialized ceramics or crystals, generate an electric spark when you squeeze or deform them.

In the world of micro-generation, this means turning everyday “wasted” energy—like the thud of a footstep, the vibration of a passing train, or even the pulse of a finger on a keyboard—into usable volts. Today’s technology has miniaturized this into “energy harvesting skin” and thin-film polymers that can be embedded into everything from smart sneakers to bridge supports.

Unlike solar, which needs the sun, or wind, which needs a breeze, piezo power only needs action. It’s the ultimate “hidden” generator, silently sipping energy from the vibrations of the world around us. While a single “squeeze” might only power a tiny sensor or a wireless signal, scaling this tech into “smart floors” or wearable fabrics is turning the human body and our infrastructure into a living, breathing power plant. It’s the fundamentals of physics turned into a literal “walk in the park” for renewable energy.

Figure 6 Cantilever piezoelectric harvesters convert mechanical strain from bending and vibrations into usable electrical energy. Source: Smart Material

Designing lean systems for ultra-low power

For engineers and makers, the frontier of micro power isn’t just about capturing energy; it’s about designing lean, ultra-low-power systems that thrive on the tiniest trickles of current. By leveraging efficient voltage regulators, sleep-mode microcontrollers, and energy-aware communication protocols, you can stretch microwatts into meaningful work.

Smart design tricks—like duty-cycling sensors, harvesting capacitors for short bursts, and matching generator output to the load—transform fragile prototypes into reliable systems. Today’s ecosystem of modular rectennas, plug-and-play thermoelectric modules, and ultra-low-power ICs makes experimentation easier than ever, giving designers the tools to tailor micro power generators for domains ranging from smart homes to wearables.

Power your world with micro generators

Today’s maker landscape is rich with possibilities: micro hydro turbines, mini vertical-axis wind kits, piezo energy harvesters, and even RF harvesting modules are widely available online, often bundled as DIY systems that simplify setup for hobbyists. Many components—Pelton wheels, turbine housings, and airflow vanes—can be 3D-printed from open-source designs, making customization affordable and accessible.

Dedicated ICs such as ultra-low-power boost converters, energy harvesting PMICs, and rectifier-regulator modules are designed to stabilize and store trickle currents, while plug-and-play thermoelectric generators extend experimentation into thermal domains. With kits, printable parts, and specialized electronics at hand, building micro power generators across water, wind, signal, heat, light, and vibration/impact sources has become a practical weekend project rather than a distant engineering challenge.

The possibilities are here and the tools are ready—so why wait? Shock your imagination, spark your designs, and start building micro power generators that turn everyday forces into lasting energy solutions.

T. K. Hareendran is a self-taught electronics enthusiast with a strong passion for innovative circuit design and hands-on technology. He develops both experimental and practical electronic projects, documenting and sharing his work to support fellow tinkerers and learners. Beyond the workbench, he dedicates time to technical writing and hardware evaluations to contribute meaningfully to the maker community.

Related Content

• Micro Hydro Generator
• Energy Harvesting Block Diagram
• Micro-Harvesting Will Not Power Our Planet
• What’s Happening in the World of Micro-Energy Harvesting?
• Platform design for testing vibration to electrical power generators

The post Micro power generators: Turning everyday flows into energy appeared first on EDN.

🏠 Про поселення на 2026/2027 навчальний рік kpi пн, 07/27/2026 - 10:00

The display runs on dual voltage (120VAC and 12VDC) Has a BCD input. Does 7 segment decoding with lightbulbs and some odd ceramic plate with black squares. These also run at mains voltage and switch some transistors. I’d make a schematic, but I have no idea how this tech works. Thought you’d all appreciate it. submitted by /u/aspie_electrician [link] [comments]

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
[link] [comments]

The market for commercial autonomous vehicles (AVs) is poised for explosive growth over the coming decade, and 4D imaging radar has a key part to play. 4D radar, which offers a 4D view combining distance, velocity, position, and vertical resolution, will help AV companies deploy autonomous fleets in real-world environments faster while also building the potential to scale such deployments rapidly.

The autonomous truck market alone is set to rocket from $50.8 billion this year to $158.7 billion in 2035, at a compound annual growth rate of 13.5%, according to a research report by MarketsandMarkets. With technology the key driver of growth, according to the researcher, the adoption of advanced sensors such as 4D radar, alongside high-performance computing platforms and AI-based software, is vital to this expansion.

However, one of the key challenges facing the sector is that 4D radar solutions have, until now, tended to operate as closed systems, meaning that access to the raw data is limited. Newer systems, such as bitsensing’s AIR4D imaging radar, will help enable developers and AV companies to continuously refine vehicles’ perception models and validate their performance.

In turn, this will accelerate the path from testing new systems to safe and large-scale deployment in real-world fleets. This will drastically speed up the commercialization of AVs worldwide.

In contrast to sensors such as LiDAR and camera sensors, radar offers key advantages that will be vital to driving real-world use in the commercial vehicle sector. It is safe, cost-effective, and proven, and it is already widely incorporated into advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) to offer the velocity accuracy needed for ADAS functions such as automatic emergency braking. This is a well-known technology and already evolving into more advanced 4D systems, suited for commercial vehicles.

Radar systems work in all weather conditions (cameras, for example, struggle in fog and low-light conditions as well as over longer ranges). The latest radar systems work comfortably at ranges of more than 200 meters and have low power consumption. The technology can easily be integrated into vehicle systems, with manufacturers already building systems designed specifically for the commercial AV market.

4D radar delivers high-resolution, real-time environmental mapping and integrates with cameras to deliver a comprehensive perception system. (Source: Adobe Stock) The 4D advantage

The reason 4D radar is so important for the rapid commercialization of AV technology is that it enables the rapid classification of different kinds of road users (for instance, pedestrians, buses, and cars). This will play an important role in enabling trucks, buses, and robotaxis to move safely through city streets, whether in Level 2 or 3 autonomy (where driving is conditionally automated) and moving toward Level 4 autonomy (where driving is highly automated, with vehicles capable of driving fully autonomously in real-world settings without the assistance of a human driver).

The reason 4D radar is so powerful is that it instantly senses distance, velocity, and position, along with vertical resolution. This means that anything “seen” by the vehicle has not only movement but also shape and altitude. This allows vehicle systems to sense how quickly an object is moving and rapidly categorize it as a certain class of vehicle, such as a motorbike or truck, or a pedestrian.

The rapid adoption of 4D radar will be a key growth driver in commercial AVs. Today, some robotaxis already ship with more than 20 advanced 4D sensors, and this will become a key trend across the market for commercial vehicles. Analysis by ResearchAndMarkets found that 169 million radar sensors shipped globally in 2024, translating into 0.8 long-range radars per vehicle and rising to one per vehicle by 2030.

The adoption of regional regulatory mandates (such as the EU’s Vehicle General Safety Regulations) is also helping to accelerate the growth of commercial AVs. The latest radar sensors offer both horizontal and vertical resolution, enhancing obstacle-detection and collision-avoidance capabilities. This means they can cope with any road conditions and any weather conditions, complying with the new regulations.

Built for commercial vehicles

To really drive the commercial AV market forward, it’s also vital that sensors are purposely designed for full autonomy, rather than being repurposed from devices for the consumer market. Today, many 4D radars were developed for use in ADAS, rather than being built from the ground up for full driverless functionality.

To truly deliver the information that AVs need, these systems should be optimized to deliver 4D sensor data directly to the AI models in these vehicles. They should also be optimized for power and heat efficiency. These features will be vital for real-world operation.

Going forward, a camera-plus-radar architecture will also be crucial to offering a viable path to curbing per-vehicle sensor costs. This will help to drive faster AV deployment on roads around the world. These are some of the design factors that we have also considered with our own work, including with the AIR4D imaging radar.

The AIR4D imaging radar is purpose-built for AVs, which is critical for full autonomy. (Source: bitsensing Inc.) Increasing accuracy

The latest radar sensors build on the strengths of the technology to offer higher performance than rival sensors, such as LiDAR and cameras, with long-range detection up to 300 meters and the ability to operate in near-total darkness. This allows commercial vehicles to maintain awareness even on poorly lit roads in the middle of the night.

The ability to measure direct velocity per object is also helping to enable faster and more accurate decision-making, with the latest radar sensors able to measure the speed and direction of vehicles, cyclists, and pedestrians in real time. This means that radar alone can provide full spatial accuracy. With previous generations of 3D radars, other sensors were relied on to create a “full” image of the objects moving in the surrounding environment.

Today, AVs equipped with 4D radar can build a high-resolution, real-time spatial picture of their environment across all four dimensions. This is what safe autonomous driving demands. With 4D radars penetrating even snow and rain and able to integrate with cameras, radar is the foundation of a comprehensive perception system, which will be the building block of autonomous driving.

Toward safer bus fleets

There are many factors that make radar sensors appealing in a commercial context, especially the “weather-proof” nature of the technology. Commercial fleets, such as the use case of buses in Korea, are already adopting radar-based technology through initial pilot schemes, with further plans to expand fully to intercity bus routes.

Critically, these ADASes have modularity at their heart, with features that can be easily added to existing vehicles. These functions, such as forward-collision warning, enable buses to precisely detect vehicles and pedestrians, even in the most demanding environments or roads.

A 4D future

The dawn of the commercial AV era is upon us today, and to drive forward into this future, it’s clear that 4D imaging radar has a vital role to play. Not only will 4D radar help to overcome the limitations of previous sensors, such as LiDAR and cameras, but it also transcends the limitations of previous radar systems, with the latest sensors purpose-built for seamless integration into the fleets of tomorrow.

The post Why 4D imaging radar is critical to AV commercialization appeared first on EDN.

Just practiced to desoldering some SMD components(at least not THD, thanks gods). However I noob in SMD, but I love it! Very fast, easy and beautiful soldering using hot air fan. submitted by /u/IvanIsak [link] [comments]

Keysight Technologies (NYSE: KEYS) today announced Keysight Multiphysics, a design and verification solution that addresses the physics interactions driving failure in modern electronic designs. The structural analysis application covering drop, shock, and vibration enables engineering teams to identify and fix problems earlier, before a prototype is built.

Electronic products are growing in complexity faster than traditional engineering workflows can scale. As electrical, thermal, mechanical, and optical elements are compressed into tighter, more integrated designs, the physics interactions between them create failure risks that cannot be evaluated in isolation. Physics effects in one domain can produce unintended outcomes in another, and those interdependencies are rarely caught until the physical product is built, when the cost of redesign is highest and projects often miss deadlines and exceed budgets.

Keysight Multiphysics integrates physics simulation into the electronic engineering workflow, completing in hours a process that traditionally takes weeks. The first release addresses structural analysis and includes compliance simulation for drop, shock, and vibration. Previously, this step required building numerous physical prototypes for testing in an external lab, committing design and manufacturing tooling before identifying potential failures. Pre-built application templates embed setup expertise directly into the workflow, improving simulation fidelity.This allows teams to avoid late-stage failures without requiring a computer-aided

Key application benefits:

• Faster time to insight: Simulation-driven development helps teams reduce physical prototype iterations and identify reliability issues earlier in the design cycle.
• Lower redesign cost: Drop, shock, and vibration simulation enables engineers to locate where failures originate and make targeted corrections earlier in development.
• Increased design confidence: An application-specific database, expanded to include modern electronic materials, helps engineers model component behavior under realistic operating conditions.
• Broader access to simulation: A guided workflow interface embeds application expertise for each use case directly into the process, enabling engineers to confidently evaluate product reliability without specialist CAE skills.
• More time for engineering: Automated setup workflows eliminate manual configuration tasks traditionally required for structural simulation.
• Accelerated regulatory sign-off: Built-in compliance workflows support MIL-STD, IEC, and JEDEC standards for shock, drop, and vibration.

Niels Faché, Senior Vice President, Keysight Design Engineering Software, said: “Complexity now defines electronic design. Engineers used to treat electrical, thermal, and mechanical effects as separate problems. That approach can no longer keep pace. We built Keysight Multiphysics by working through the very problems our own engineers faced, giving teams a digital thread to detect failures earlier and more predictably.”

The post Keysight Addresses Cross-Domain Physics Issues That Leave Electronic Designs Vulnerable to Late-Stage Failure appeared first on ELE Times.

Have you heard of the golden ratio? Well, what about the gold-colored guitar fret ratio?

I’ve been listening lately to classical guitar musicians on YouTube. Such skill and artistry is utterly astonishing. After a while, though, I got curious about how the guitars were made and how they achieved their frequency outputs. I noticed something. I took a screen shot of a guitar’s strings and fretboard and, by counting pixels, I measured the dimensions seen in Figure 1:

Figure 1 Guitar fret positioning is definitely not random, acoustically speaking.

I then looked at the ratios of a string’s fret-to-base length (my choice of term) to that of the next shorter one (Figure 2):

Figure 2 Length ratios: the ratio of each fret position taken in pixels divided by that of the next fret closer to the base is the ratio of the frequencies of each note of the string. That ratio is nominally 2^(1/12) =1.05946… which is approximated in each and every case. The average of the calculations as shown here comes to 1.058422 which is only 0.1% in nominal error.

I discovered that in spite of my crudeness in using the pixels, the ratios come out very close to the twelfth root of two. That ratio is the ratio of adjacent note frequencies of a tempered musical scale. If the full length of a string is taken as “Do” in its particular key, the fret positions yield the twelve-tone-scale arrangement of notes seen in Figure 3. In hindsight, I guess I should have intuitively known this but I didn’t. I do now.

Figure 3 Tempered scale: taking the full length of each string as the note “Do” as in Do-Re-Mi-Fa-Sol-La-Ti-Do scaling, we see how each fret position corresponds to one of the twelve notes (including sharps and flats) of the Western culture’s twelve-tone scale.

It should be noted that singer Jimmie Rodgers once admitted that he couldn’t really play the guitar as he performed, so he tuned the six strings of his guitar to be in open string harmony. Then when he was performing, he would keep one finger, his thumb, across all six strings at the same time across the fretboard. Since all six strings followed the above length versus note pattern, the six strings were always in harmony. He was using a single, movable chord.

Watch how his left hand does that in the following YouTube videos and enjoy the music.

John Dunn is an electronics consultant and a graduate of The Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn (BSEE) and of New York University (MSEE).

Related Content

• Earplugs ready? Let’s make some noise!
• A pitch-linear VCO, part 1: Getting it going
• A pitch-linear VCO, part 2: taking it further

The post Guitar Frets appeared first on EDN.

In a breakthrough that will power the nation’s aspirations in aerospace propulsion, the first Indian expendable turbojet engine in the 350-kg thrust class was successfully demonstrated and marks an important step towards India’s capabilities in developing advanced propulsion technology. Developed by the Gas Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE) of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), the engine will pave the way for increased self-reliance on high-end propulsion technology for upcoming aerial platforms and other defence applications.

Hyderabad-based Azad Engineering that was chosen by GTRE as the industry partner for its manufacturing and assembly, delivered the engine to GTRE on July 22, 2026. This also marks the coming together of the Indian defence research infrastructure and the private sector for building the aircraft. While DRDO lends its in-house design expertise and research in this field, Azad Engineering provides the cutting edge in precision manufacturing, modern engineering, and tooling facilities to make this possible.

The newly developed 350-kgf-thrust-class expendable turbojet engine is expected to power future air-breathing platforms, including selected missile systems and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that require compact, lightweight, and high-performance propulsion systems. As a turbojet is an air-breathing engine, it uses atmospheric air as part of the combustion process to generate thrust. The development represents an important advancement in India’s indigenous aerospace and propulsion capabilities, as the design and manufacture of jet engines require advanced materials, precision engineering, highly accurate manufacturing processes, and stringent quality-control measures. The technology could strengthen India’s domestic propulsion ecosystem and support the development of future high-speed aerial platforms.

The successful development highlights the growing contribution of India’s private defence industry to major propulsion programmes. Through its role in the indigenous manufacturing and assembly of the engine, Azad Engineering demonstrates how precision-engineering companies are increasingly participating in the development of complex aerospace and defence systems. The 350-kgf-thrust-class expendable turbojet engine was manufactured and assembled in India by Azad Engineering based on the design and technology developed by the Gas Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE), a laboratory of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). This collaboration reflects the increasing role of private-sector companies in supporting India’s efforts to develop advanced indigenous propulsion technologies.

The post India Develops Indigenous Expendable Turbojet Engine for Future Missile System appeared first on ELE Times.