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Hey all! This is my first project and my first post here. I know it's a simple project, but I'm still really proud of how it turned out and wanted to share. My friend and I are making a Bluetooth speaker for calls. Unfortunately, we assumed that audio was audio, so any audio amp would work for calls, but turns out different amps are needed for calls so all I could play on this one was music. First, I put it all together with the breadboard and tape, and it was working but the signal was sparce, owing to loose connections with tape. So, I decided to solder the connections for a more continuous signal. These are standard jumper wires from an Arduino starter kit; I presume you're not really supposed to solder them. But this was a throwaway prototype, I had plenty of wires, and I wanted to get experience soldering quickly, so I just did it and tried to desolder them afterward. All in all, considering this was my first time soldering and I only burned myself once, I'm prepared to call this a success. I know this setup doesn't look very safe; it was all done very impromptu. My friend probably has a better setup, but he wasn't available, so next time I'd like to do this at his place. If I keep doing this on my own, I'll go outside until I get a better setup. Video Link: https://imgur.com/a/OUeYEi9 Song: Can You Hear the Whistle Blow by Default (缺省) https://open.spotify.com/track/2bJjScKqL6XqhwL30X2SaZ?si=a9feec2f349c4391 缺省 Default - Can You Hear The Whistle Blow (Official MV) Components: XJ8002 Power Amplifier: 10PCS/LOT HXJ8002 Power Amplifier Board Mini Audio Voice Amplifier Module Replace PAM8403 - AliExpress 502 Bluetooth Audio Receiver Board VHM-314 (Type-C model): Bluetooth Audio Receiver Board VHM-314 Bluetooth 5.0 MP3 Lossless Decoder Board Wireless Stereo Music Module 3.7-5V - AliExpress 44 Speaker: 5pcs/lot New Ultra-thin Mini Speaker 4 Ohms 2 Watt 2w 4r Speaker Diameter 40mm 4cm Thickness 5mm - Acoustic Components - AliExpress Breadboard, jumper wires, & 1k ohm resistors from REXQualis Starter Kit for R3 Project: Amazon.com: REXQualis Super Starter Kit Based on Arduino UNO R3 with Tutorial and Controller Board Compatible with Arduino IDE : Electronics submitted by /u/Marcus_Meditates [link] [comments]

im not sure if this is allowed to be posted here, just scrolling and deleting pics from my phone and i found old pics of my uni class works and projects that somehow went wrong so often while i did nothing wrong. im pretty confident with my wiring and building the circuit because i used to be doing all good with correct results, but in my third year things just gone weird on my hands. i have officialy broken THREE breadboards and TWO arduino uno boards. context behind the second pic; i was building the circuit on the textbook but halfway through when i inserted a new jumper wire to ground row it sparks. no electric source, all machines were off. i told the lab assistant about my problem and he didnt believe it until he did what i did. in the end he just told me to buy a new breadboard. whenever i retold this story to my seniors or friends from the same major, they kept on telling me "stop making up weird stories, i had my breadboard since high school", "did you break the arduino board in half? that thing is impossible to break", yada yada yada. the project with arduino one was very important to me since it's a mandatory final project. even the simplest command would went wrong while there was nothing wrong physically, like the wrong LED lit up while it's not connected to the wiring i was testing, got 100% sensor reading while i didnt expose the sensor to anything yet, and the most frustrating was how often it sent me failed uploading message even if i have reset it, change the wires, clean the ports, multiple times. D-1 presentation morning everything finally worked but it had to be run separately (i used 3 sensors) so i quickly documented everything for the ppt attachments, but holy shit that evening it wouldnt let me run it again. so i ended showing up only with my poster and ppt (the paper was submitted via web). honestly im still very thankful that presentation was not graded, just need to show up and present it to the guests. it's just a mandatory project for the semester with progress reports every week and my professor said to not think about it too much, since he saw every weird shit from my project (he is also a very nice person as well). i could still remember showing up for the biweekly progress presentation just to show the video of me trying to show the sensor reading but it came out all different in multiple attempts and got stared by my project mate (1 professor could take 5 groups of students, i just volunteered to do the project alone since im an international student and i tried to avoid any miscommunications). that was the last time i touch any hardwares, not graduated yet since i failed a lot of classes which makes me wonder if this 4 years of uni actually worth the struggle. thanking everyone that read this until the end. submitted by /u/Dry-Union5199 [link] [comments]

In this article, we'll illustrate the usefulness of Carson's rule for bandwidth estimation by working through a series of example problems.

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For second-quarter 2025, epitaxial deposition and process equipment maker Veeco Instruments Inc of Plainview, NY, USA has reported revenue of $166.1m, down slightly on $167.3m last quarter and 6% on $175.9m a year ago, but exceeding the $135–165m guidance...

The new RZ/G3E MPU with quad CPU and NPU powers next-generation HMI devices with advanced processing.

Proper precision calibration resistors are expensive and usually bulky, often in a large box or can. These are overkill for low-cost handheld digital multimeters (DMMs) and LCR Meters, especially when used as a “sanity check” before making critical measurements.

Wow the engineering world with your unique design: Design Ideas Submission Guide

Most of the time, I would use a precision axial-leaded resistor for this purpose. Still, I thought about making something more convenient that provided the precision resistor with some mechanical protection to directly plug into a DMM or LCR meter. If using a high-resolution bench DMM like a Keysight KS34465A or Keithley DMM6500, often you want to know the resistor temperature as well as the resistance value, and the thought came to thermally link the precision resistor with a precision thermistor for this purpose. In the spirit of low-cost DIY, the idea to link the axial-lead precision resistor with an axial-lead precision thermistor with a short section of heat shrink tubing seemed reasonable, and you can’t get much simpler or cheaper than the concept shown in Figure 1!

Figure 1 Linking an axial-lead precision resistor and an axial-lead precision thermistor with a short section of heat shrink tubing.

 I still needed mechanical protection for the resistor/thermistor combo, and how to make direct DMM connections. A standard dual banana plug is a good host for the combo, but only has two connection terminals. Using a 3D printer, I created a custom 3D printed “plug” to support the thermistor leads as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 A custom, 3D-printed “plug” supports the thermistor leads, allowing for a resistor/thermistor combo with mechanical protection.

Figure 3 shows the resistor/thermistor combo mounting scheme, where the precision axial resistor leads are inserted into the dual banana plug holes and secured by the plug’s internal screws (leave some slack in the resistor leads to help reduce mechanical stress on the precision resistor). Note how the resistor lead ends are looped over, creating small terminals for external “clip lead” or “Kelvin clips” measurements. The axial thermistor leads are threaded through the custom 3D printed plug and loop at the top.

Figure 3 The resistor/thermistor combo mounting scheme, where the precision axial resistor leads are inserted into the dual banana plug holes and secured by the plug’s internal screws.

Overall, the concept creates a small compact holder for the precision resistor and thermistor combo with convenient connections to the resistor measurement instrument directly by the dual banana plug. Temperature measurements use small clip leads to the thermistor leads, which protrude from the top of the dual banana plug and a custom 3D printed plug top, as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4 A resistor temperature reading showing the small clip leads to the thermistor leads, which protrude from the top of the dual banana plug and custom 3D printed plug.

When using this setup, I found the bench-type DMMs like the DMM6500 have banana input terminals 3~3.5 °C warmer than ambient (the KS34465A was 2~3 °C warmer). This helps explain the long settling time for bench DMM new banana connections to stabilize, where differential thermal EMFs can corrupt sensitive measurements. Handheld DMMs seem to stabilize much quicker since the internal handheld temperature is slightly above ambient, whereas the bench DMMs are much warmer.

Anyway, I hope some folks find this DIY Precision Resistor with built-in thermistor concept convenient and useful, although wouldn’t recommend this for precision resistors below ~100 Ω, this is 4-wire Kelvin territory, and certainly not considered “Metrology Qualified.”

Michael A Wyatt is a life member with IEEE and has continued to enjoy electronics ever since his childhood. Mike has a long career spanning Honeywell, Northrop Grumman, Insyte/ITT/Ex-elis/Harris, ViaSat and retiring (semi) with Wyatt Labs. During his career he accumulated 32 US Patents and in the past published a few EDN Articles including Best Idea of the Year in 1989.

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The post DMM Plug-In Test Resistor with temperature sensing appeared first on EDN.

Sivers Semiconductors AB of Kista, Sweden (which supplies RF beam-former ICs for SATCOMs and photonic lasers for AI data centers) has appointed Heine Thorsgaard as its new chief financial officer (CFO), effective 1 September, responsible for global finance, investor relations and IT operations...

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Спільний проєкт з Київським метрополітеном «Метро. Місто. Політехніка» kpi пт, 08/08/2025 - 15:16

President Donald Trump announced plans to impose a 100% tariff on computer chips, which would certainly increase the price of gadgets, cars, home appliances, and other items considered necessary for the digital age.

Speaking from the Oval Office alongside Apple CEO Tim Cook, Trump said, “There will be a tariff of approximately 100% on chips and semiconductors. In order to increase the company’s domestic investment commitment and possibly avoid future iPhone levies, Trump also declared that Apple would invest an additional $100 billion in the US.

However, companies that manufacture semiconductors within the United States would be exempt from these tariffs.

Effect Across Industries

Chips for computers are the crucial element in question. For consumer gadgets, cars, home appliances, and industrial systems, that is the solution to the usage of current technology.

Shortages of chips in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic caused inflation in prices and disruptions in the supply chain. Global chip sales have grown by 19.6% over the past year, indicating strong demand.

Trump’s approach deviates from the CHIPS and Science Act’s deliberate approach. The law was signed in 2022 by President Joe Biden with a promise of $50 billion worth of subsidies, tax breaks, and research funding for domestic chip production.

Conclusion:

While it is meant to strengthen U.S. manufacturing, many critics warn that this policy might backfire. Hence, as chips cost more, profits get thinner while companies hike consumer prices. No official word has so far come from these titans of electronics, Nvidia and Intel, concerning the announcement.

The post Trump Plans to Impose 100% Tariff on Computer Chips, Likely Driving Up Electronics Prices appeared first on ELE Times.

Over the last decade, the electronics manufacturing sector in India has undergone a massive transformation to become a great production center. The sector has witnessed immense growth, both in terms of output and exports, due to some strategic government measures and the rise in foreign investment.

Creating quite a buzz in 2014 was a relatively modest electronic labor market in India, while now, by 2025, it has transformed into a full-blown ecosystem. The value of electronic products made has multiplied six times, and exports have increased eightfold, all pointing toward the enhanced global competitiveness of the sector.

Mobile Manufacturing takes center stage, the mobile segment has witnessed the explosive growth. While in 2014, there were only two manufacturing units, now India has 300 manufacturing facilities. Production has ascended from ₹18,000 crore to ₹5.45 lakh crore, and exports have increased from ₹1,500 crore to ₹2 lakh crore, that is 127% growth.

Policy Reforms:

The government-led PLI scheme is one of the aspects that contributed to this change. The scheme takes in investment upward of ₹13,000 crore and causes production of nearly ₹8.57 lakh crore, as well as creation of more than 1.35 lakh direct jobs. The scheme’s impact on international trade is demonstrated by the ₹4.65 lakh crore in export data.

Inflows of FDI and Semiconductor Push

The Semicon India programme being carried out under six projects is undergoing investments of more than Rs 1.55 trillion and is expected to create over 27,000 direct jobs and build a solid chip-making ecosystem.

Foreign direct investment into electronics manufacturing has now crossed $4 billion since FY21, and around 70% of this inflow is linked to PLI beneficiaries. This is the investing community`s vote of confidence.

With a budget of ₹22,919 crore, the Electronics Components Manufacturing Scheme (ECMS) was introduced with the goal of increasing domestic capabilities and decreasing reliance on imports.

It is purported that one direct job in electronics sector results in three indirect jobs, thus substantially contributing to the broader socio-economic impacts in the country.

Conclusion:

India’s electronics rush is not just numerically driven, but strategically poised for attaining self-reliance and global influence and technological leadership. With this momentum intact, the country is moving to become a major force in the global electronics supply chain.

The post India’s Electronics Industry Booms with 127% Export Growth in Mobiles appeared first on ELE Times.

Machine learning architecture means the designing and organizing of all of the components and processes that constitute an entire machine learning system. The ML Architecture lays down the framework to design machine learning systems, indicating how data is to be handled, models to be built and analyzed, and predictions to be made. Depending on the particular use case and the set of requirements, the architecture can vary.

A highly scalable and performant machine learning system can be realized through proper architecture.

Types of Machine Learning Architecture:

1. Supervised Learning Architecture Unsupervised Learning Architecture

By definition, Supervised Learning uses labeled data to train models: this means each input has a corresponding correct output value. The supervised learning architecture begins with gathering the datasets-full labeled, then undergoes Data Preprocessing to make sure the labels match up with the inputs correctly. Afterward, with the data ready, it proceeds to training it with the algorithm, like Linear Regression, Logistic Regression, SVM, or Random Forests. This method is very suitable when making predictions like: House Price Predictions, Email classifications as Spam or Not Spam, Medical diagnoses based on test results. Supervised learning’s primary benefit is its excellent accuracy when given clean, properly labelled data. It necessitates a lot of labelled data, though, and its preparation can be costly and time consuming.

2. Unsupervised Learning Architecture

In unsupervised learning, unlabeled data is used. Hence, the system tries to find the patterns or the clusters without much explicit guidance. Data acquisition for this architecture is more flexible because no labels are required. Preprocessing, however, serves a vital purpose in ensuring the data is consistent and meaningful. Algorithms used in unsupervised learning include K-Means Clustering, Hierarchical Clustering, and PCA. This approach is applicable in customer segmentation, anomaly detection, or market basket analysis. The biggest attraction for unsupervised systems is that they work on data that is generally easier to come by. But since results fundamentally depend on pattern discovery, interpretation of such results may require domain knowledge.

3. Reinforcement learning

Reinforcement learning is based on the principle of learning through the interaction with an environment. The architecture is designed to have a setting representing the environment, where a model will choose an action and get feedback on that action being rewarded or penalized. This feedback interchanges are insect within the structure that meanwhile allows model improvement from trial and error. Some popular algorithms are Q-Learning, Deep Q-Networks (DQN), and Policy Gradient methods.

Reinforcement learning finds its way into robots, game AI, and autonomous systems. Its strongest suit is adapting to a dynamic environment wherein the reward is a function of a series of other actions. Hence training can take ages and require a lot of computing power.

Machine Learning Architecture Diagram:

An overview of the many different parts required to create a machine learning application is given by a machine learning architecture diagram.

Simple Machine Learning Architecture Diagram:

Explanation of the Machine Learning Architecture Diagram:

The diagram outlines the step-by-step process of building and running a machine learning system.

1. Data Collection – It helps to treat data as raw material that comes to the project from some arbitrary source like a data base, sensor, API, or web scraping.
2. Data Preprocessing – Raw data are often incomplete or inconsistent. In this stage, the data are cleaned and formatted and then prepared so that the model understands them. This is a stage of utmost importance for accuracy.
3. Feature Extraction / Selection – Some data is never as useful as others. Herein, the most important variables (features) that determine predictions are picked and retained while other ones that are irrelevant are discarded.
4. Model Selection & Training – The type of problem being solved will determine the algorithm choice; the model is then fitted with the historical data to learn patterns and relationships.
5. Model Evaluation – The model is tested on new data to assess its accuracy, efficiency, and ability to make real predictions.
6. Deployment – Once the model works fine, it is incorporated into a live application or system for real-time prediction or decision-making.
7. Monitoring & Maintenance – The model goes through performance tracking as time passes by. It shall be updated or re-trained every time its accuracy is compromised due to real-world data change.

The feedback loop often sends the process to the earlier stages due to new data, ensuring the improvement of the model all the time.

Conclusion:

Machine Learning architecture is more than just a technical plan it is a backbone that decides how well an ML system learns, adapts to changes, and gives out results. A bad architecture disrupts data flow, creates delays in training, and compromises the reliability of predictions over time. Properly-designed ML architectures can be used by businesses and researchers to address problems accurately and at scale. As data grows and technologies evolve, these architectures shall continue to be the power that fuels innovations that re-shape industries by helping people make better decisions while changing everyday life.

The post Machine Learning Architecture Definition, Types and Diagram appeared first on ELE Times.

The new 9288-000 Series connectors enable quick, easy, and tool-free in-field termination; establish durable, reliable, high-integrity connections; and deliver excellent electrical and mechanical performance in lighting and industrial applications.

KYOCERA AVX, a leading global manufacturer of advanced electronic components engineered to accelerate technological innovation and build a better future, released the new 9288-000 Series hermaphroditic wire-to-wire (WTW) and wire-to-board (WTB) connectors for lighting and industrial applications.

These unique two-piece connectors facilitate WTW termination with two identical mating halves, which simplifies BOMs, and WTB termination with one those halves and an SMT version. Both halves of the new 9288-000 Series hermaphroditic connectors feature orange or white glass-filled PBT insulators equipped with plastic latches for good mechanical retention and the company’s field-proven poke-home contact technology, which enables quick, easy, and tool-free in-field wire termination. Simply strip and poke wires to insert and twist and pull to extract. Made of phosphor bronze with lead-free tin-over-nickel plating, these poke-home contacts also establish durable, reliable, high-integrity connections and deliver excellent electrical and mechanical performance.

The new 9288-000 Series hermaphroditic WTW and WTB connectors are currently available with 2–4 contacts on a 5mm pitch, compatible with 16–18AWG solid or stranded wire, and rated for 6A (18AWG) or 7A (16AWG), 600VACRMS or the DC equivalent, 20 mating cycles, three wire replacement cycles, and operating temperatures extending from -40°C to +125°C. They are also UL approved and RoHS compliant and shipped in tape and reel or bulk packaging.

“The new 9288-000 Series hermaphroditic wire-to-wire and wire-to-board connectors leverage our field-proven poke-home contact technology to enable quick, easy, and tool-free in-field termination and durable phosphor bronze contact materials to deliver excellent electrical and mechanical performance throughout the product lifecycle,” said Perrin Hardee, Product Marketing Manager, KYOCERA AVX. “They also feature a locking mechanism to further improve reliability, and WTW versions simplify BOMs since they’re comprised of two of the same part number.”

The post KYOCERA AVX INTRODUCES NEW HERMAPHRODITIC WTW & WTB CONNECTORS appeared first on ELE Times.

Built Ani Music 🎵 – a pocket PCB piano powered by RC oscillators and NPN transistors. 8 keys, each with a different resistor value → different notes, played on dual buzzers. Runs on a 3.7 V battery, fully portable, and turns electronics into music. submitted by /u/Temporary-Brick-8295 [link] [comments]

Researchers have developed a switched-capacitor-based nine-level inverter that achieves a fourfold voltage and up to 96.5% efficiency.

Зустріч студентів з CEO та засновником Axon Enterprise kpi чт, 08/07/2025 - 22:07