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Automated test solutions provider Teradyne Inc of North Reading, MA, USA has partnered with photonics assembly & test equipment provider ficonTEC Service GmbH of Achim, Germany to announce the availability of what is said to be the first high-volume, double-sided wafer probe test cell for silicon photonics. The solution is designed to meet the growing demand for high-throughput electro-optical testing of silicon photonic wafers driven by co-packaged optics (CPO) applications...

There’s been a lot of interesting conversation and DI teamwork lately devising circuits for ON/OFF power control using inexpensive momentary-contact switches (See “Related Content” below). 

Wow the engineering world with your unique design: Design Ideas Submission Guide

Most of these designs have incorporated edge triggered flip/flops (e.g. the CD4013) but of course other possibilities exist. Figure 1 shows one of them.

Figure 1 Flip/flop-free debounced push ON push OFF toggling with power-on reset and low parts count.

Okay, I can (almost) hear your objection. It isn’t (technically) accurate to describe Figure 1 as flip/flop free because the two inverters, U1a and U1b, are connected as a bistable latch. That is to say, a flip/flop. It’s really how its state gets toggled by S1 that’s different. Here’s how that works.

While sitting in either ON or OFF with S1 un-pushed, U1a, being an inverter, charges C2 to the opposite state through R1. So, when S1 gets mashed, C2 yanks U1a’s input, thereby toggling the latch. The R1C2 time-constant of 100 ms is long enough to guarantee that if S1 bounces on make, as it most assuredly will, C2’s complementary charge will ride out the turbulence. 

Then, because R2 < R1, the positive feedback through R2 will overpower R1 and keep the same polarity charge on C2 for as long as S1 is held closed. This ensures that later, when S1 is released, if it bounces on break (as some switches are rumored to be evil enough to do), the new latch state won’t be lost. PFET Q1 now transfers power to the load (or doesn’t). Thus, can we confidently expect reliable flipping and flopping and ONing and OFFing. 

So, what’s the purpose of C1? Figure 2 explains.

Figure 2 Power up turn off where the rising edge of V+ at PFET a’s source with its gate held low by RCs turns it on.

If V+ has been at zero for awhile (because the battery was taken out or the wall wart unplugged), C1 and C2 will have discharged likewise to zero (or thereabouts). So, when V+ is restored, they will hold the inverter’s FET gates at ground. This will make the PFET’s gate negative relative to its (rising) source, turning it on, pulling its output high, and resetting the latch to OFF.

So why R3?

When the latch sits for a while with S1 unpushed, whether ON or OFF, C1 will charge to V+. Then, when S1 is depressed (note this doesn’t necessarily mean it’s unhappy), C1 will be “quickly” discharged. Without R3, “quickly” might be too much of a good thing and involve a high enough instantaneous current through S1, and hence enough energy deposited on its contacts, to shorten its service life.

Thus, making us both unhappy!

Here’s a final thought about parts count. The 4069 is a hextuple part, this makes Figure 1’s use of only two of its six inverters look wasteful. We can hope the designer can find a place for the unused elements elsewhere in their application, but what if she can’t?

Then it might turn out that Figure 3 will work.

Figure 3 Do something useful with the other 2/3rds of U1, eliminate Q1 for loads of less than 10 mA, and gain short-circuit protection for free.

Ron for the 4069 is V+ dependent but can range as low as 200 Ω (typical) at V+ > 10 V. Therefore, if we connect all five of the available inverters in parallel as shown in Figure 3, we’d get a net Ron of 200/5 = 40 Ω from V+ to Vout. This might be adequate for a low power application, making Q1 redundant. As an added benefit, an accidental short to ground will promptly and automatically turn the latch and the shorted load OFF. U1 will therefore be that much less likely to catch fire, and us to be unhappy! Note it also works if the latch is OFF and the output gets shorted to V+.

Stephen Woodward’s relationship with EDN’s DI column goes back quite a long way. Over 100 submissions have been accepted since his first contribution back in 1974.

Related Content

• To press on or hold off? This does both.
• Flip ON flop OFF
• Latching D-type CMOS power switch: A “Flip ON Flop OFF” alternative
• To press ON or hold OFF? This does both for AC voltages

The post Flip ON flop OFF without a flip/flop appeared first on EDN.

At the IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS 2025) in Monterey, CA, USA (30 March–3 April), nanoelectronics research center imec of Leuven, Belgium demonstrated that, despite their positive bias (on-state) instability, gallium nitride (GaN) MISHEMTs (metal-insulator-semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors) maintain consistent performance when operating within a well-defined range. These findings support the design of reliable GaN-based power amplifiers to avoid positive bias instability and thus enable handset applications for 6G communication...

Ascent Solar Technologies Inc of Thornton, CO, USA – which makes lightweight, flexible copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) thin-film photovoltaic (PV) modules that can be integrated into consumer products, off-grid applications and aerospace applications – has received an order to revise the design of its space solar products after being evaluated by a potential customer interested in technologies capable of receiving beamed power...

Gallium nitride (GaN) power IC and silicon carbide (SiC) technology firm Navitas Semiconductor Corp of Torrance, CA, USA says that its GaNSense power ICs will power the latest 2.5kW ultra-high power density DC–DC converter for AI data centers of China-based Greatwall Power Technology Co Ltd...

SemiQ Inc of Lake Forest, CA, USA — which designs, develops and manufactures silicon carbide (SiC) power semiconductors and 150mm SiC epitaxial wafers for high-voltage applications — has begun shipping its SiC MOSFET modules for integration into cell cycling systems used by several of the world’s leading battery manufacturers...

To support its growth plan, specialty semiconductor and performance materials producer 5N Plus Inc (5N+) of Montreal, Québec, Canada has renewed its senior secured multi-currency revolving syndicated credit facilities, expanding its borrowing capacity from $124m to $154m. Subject to lenders’ approval, the firm can opt to further increase its credit facilities to $204m through a $50m accordion feature...

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At the Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibition (OFC 2025) in San Francisco (1-3 April), Keysight Technologies Inc of Santa Rosa, CA, USA, Japan-based NTT Innovative Devices Corp, and Lumentum Holdings Inc of San Jose, CA, USA (which designs and makes optical and photonic products for optical networks and lasers for industrial and consumer markets) have given joint demonstration of 448Gbps data transmission using 224GBaud PAM4 optical technology...

Fractal Antenna Systems has introduced Acoustic Resonance Mitigation (ARM), a technology that disables drones using directed acoustic energy. ARM emits sonic, ultrasonic, and subsonic waves to induce vibrations or Prandtl boundary layer instability, leading to flight failure. Propeller blades are especially vulnerable, as turbulence or vibrations can disrupt a drone’s inertial measurement unit (IMU).

Portions of an ARM button array (non-parametric) for a DRONE BLASTR airborne drone.

ARM technology, co-invented by Fractel CEO Nathan Cohen, is backed by U.S. patents and licensed to Fractal. The technology has been demonstrated by foreign groups, though U.S. patents predate these efforts, according to Cohen. Cost-effective and portable, ARM is specifically designed to disable drones, from microdrones to pizza box-sized devices.

In military applications, ARM can be deployed on attack drones to disable adversarial swarms. Known as the DRONE BLASTR, this patent-pending in situ device offers a new method for countering drone swarms. Beyond the battlefield, ARM offers a countermeasure against drones used in illegal surveillance and smuggling.

A timeline for commercialization was not available at the time of this announcement. Government, public safety agencies, and related enterprises can contact Fractal for more information.

Fractal Antenna Systems 

Find more datasheets on products like this one at Datasheets.com, searchable by category, part #, description, manufacturer, and more.

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Keysight and Coherent showcased 200G-per-lane VCSEL technology at OFC 2025, demonstrating characterization, tuning, and validation. The multimode VCSEL enables higher data transfer rates to meet growing data center bandwidth demands.

Keysight’s M8199B 256-Gsample/s AWG

The 200G multimode VCSEL enhances data transfer and network efficiency by doubling data throughput to 200 Gbps per lane, surpassing current multimode interconnects. It offers significant power savings per bit compared to single-mode alternatives, and its lower manufacturing costs make it a more economical choice for short-reach data links. Well-suited for AI pods and clusters, this VCSEL supports the high-speed, short-reach interconnects essential for GPU-driven data sharing.

The setup used at OFC featured Keysight’s DCA-M wideband multimode sampling oscilloscope, M8199B 256-Gsample/s arbitrary waveform generator (AWG), and Coherent’s 200G VCSEL. The AWG drives a 106.25-GBaud PAM4 signal into the VCSEL, with the optical output measured on the oscilloscope to display the eye diagram. This demonstrates the VCSEL’s feasibility and Keysight’s characterization and validation capabilities.

Keysight Technologies 

Coherent

Find more datasheets on products like this one at Datasheets.com, searchable by category, part #, description, manufacturer, and more.

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Vishay’s VEML6046X00 RGB IR sensor is AEC-Q100 qualified for use in vehicle displays and interior lighting. This compact device integrates a photodiode, low-noise amplifier, and 16-bit ADC in an opaque surface-mount package that is just 2.67×2.45×0.6 mm.

With three color channels and one infrared channel, the VEML6046X00 calculates color temperature to enable white point balancing for displays. Its green channel’s spectral sensitivity aligns with the human eye for accurate measurements, while the IR channel stabilizes output across various light sources.

The sensor performs consistently in daylight with an ambient light range of 0 to 176 klx, preventing saturation. A digital resolution of 0.0053 lx/count allows the VEML6046X00 to operate behind dark cover glass. It supports a supply range of 2.5 V to 3.6 V, an I2C bus voltage range of 1.7 V to 3.6 V, and an ambient temperature range of -40°C to +110°C. Typical shutdown current consumption is 0.5 µA.

The sensor is well-suited for automotive display backlight control, infotainment systems, rear-view mirror dimming, and heads-up displays.

Samples and production quantities of the VEML6046X00 RGB IR sensor are available now, with a lead time of 16 weeks.

VEML6046X00 product page

Vishay Intertechnology 

Find more datasheets on products like this one at Datasheets.com, searchable by category, part #, description, manufacturer, and more.

The post IR color sensor enhances automotive displays appeared first on EDN.

ST’s four-channel high-side switches, the IPS4140HQ and IPS4140HQ-1, drive resistive, capacitive, and inductive loads with one side connected to ground. The IPS4140HQ handles up to 0.6 A per channel, while the IPS4140HQ-1 supports up to 1.0 A. Both have a maximum RDS(on) of 80 mΩ per channel and include extensive diagnostic and protection features.

Housed in compact 8×6-mm QFN48 packages, the devices operate from a 10.5-V to 36-V supply and tolerate up to 41 V for enhanced system safety and reliability. Applications include programmable logic controllers, industrial PC I/O ports, and numerical control machines.

These intelligent power switches provide per-channel short-circuit protection, temperature monitoring, and independent restart to boost fault tolerance and simplify automated recovery. Additional safeguards include case-overtemperature shutdown with sequential restart, output current limiting, undervoltage lockout, and input overvoltage protection. With 5-V/3.3-V logic compatibility, EAS ratings up to 2.5 J per channel, and compliance with IEC 61000-4 and IEC 61131-2 standards, they ensure robust performance in industrial applications.

Prices for the IPS4140HQ and IPS4140HQ-1 high-side switches start at $2.59 in lots of 1000 units.

STMicroelectronics

Find more datasheets on products like this one at Datasheets.com, searchable by category, part #, description, manufacturer, and more.

The post Intelligent high-side switches manage diverse loads appeared first on EDN.

Infineon is developing TRENCHSTOP H7 IGBTs in a DTO247 package, which is twice the size of a standard TO247. A single high-current IGBT in a DTO247 can replace multiple lower-current TO247 IGBTs connected in parallel. Engineering samples of the 200-A and 350-A H7 IGBT variants are available now.

The DTO247 enables high power density and bridges the gap between TO247-based designs and module architectures. Additionally, its compatibility with both DTO247- and TO247-based architectures within the same system provides greater flexibility and customization. H7 IGBTs can be used in solar inverters, uninterruptible power supplies, and energy storage systems.

The DTO247-packaged portfolio will include 1200-V and 750-V H7 IGBTs with current ratings of 200 A, 250 A, 300 A, and 350 A. They feature 2-mm-wide leads for optimal conduction, a 7-mm pin-to-pin clearance, and a 10-mm creepage distance for enhanced safety and reliability. An integrated Kelvin emitter pin enables faster, more efficient switching.

Volume production of the TRENCHSTOP H7 IGBTs in DTO247 packages is scheduled for mid-2026. Datasheets were not available at the time of this announcement.

Infineon Technologies

Find more datasheets on products like this one at Datasheets.com, searchable by category, part #, description, manufacturer, and more.

The post Infineon prepares DTO247-packaged IGBTs appeared first on EDN.

Keysight Technologies Inc of Santa Rosa, CA, USA and materials, networking and laser technology firm Coherent Corp of Saxonburg, PA, USA have collaborated on a 200G multimode technology demonstration showcased for the first time at the Optical Fiber Communications Conference & Exposition (OFC 2025) in San Francisco (1–3 April). The 200G-per-lane vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) technology provides higher data transfer rates and addresses industry demand for higher bandwidth in data centers. It should enable the industry to deliver AI/ML services while reducing power consumption and capital expense of short-reach data interconnects...

One of my jobs as an engineer was working in the engineering department of an electronic contract manufacturer. Our department designed test equipment for the manufacturing lines, but we also assisted customers with their products issues.

Do you have a memorable experience solving an engineering problem at work or in your spare time? Tell us your Tale

The product being built on the line was a PCB assembly for a coffee maker. One day, the boss came to me and said the customer is getting some complaints about the coffee maker display and controls locking up. He assured the customer we could fix their problem (even though no one knew what the issue was).

The first task was to reproduce the problem. With no clue as to how this problem happened, I started by just letting the coffee makers run. After a few days, nothing—so I tried other things like banging it and shaking it…nothing. I then pushed the buttons in every combination and cadence I could come up with – still no luck. Next ,I tried varying the line voltage slowly from the specified minimum to the specified maximum. The coffee maker still worked fine. I was running out of ideas. Finally, I tried one last thing: I plugged it into a controller that turns the line voltage on and off at varying rates. After a while it locked up.

This behavior hinted at the micro’s reset circuit so I dug into that. It wasn’t the typical design used in those days, a simple RC circuit. The resistor tied to Vcc and the capacitor tied to digital ground, then the other ends of the resistor and capacitor were tied together, and that tied to the micro’s reset.

After a little more testing I concluded that it was due to a fast interruption in the line voltage or a brownout. Either would cause the reset capacitor to discharge partway and then to reset back to Vcc. The micro wasn’t happy with this as it lost power but didn’t get a valid reset.

The boss was happy I found the root cause but now said “fix it” and the fix had to be something easy to tack on to the existing PCB. I spent a few days looking at things like changing the resistor or capacitor value or adding a 555 timer, comparator, or op-amp, but these either didn’t work or were too difficult or expensive to add to the PCB.

That’s when I remembered an obscure device I had read about, a programmable unijunction transistor, or PUT. This has some properties like an SCR. The PUT has 3 pins: anode, cathode, and gate. So, the circuit I came up with was this:

The schematic of the coffee maker fix, introducing the PUT to successfully manage failures due to interruptions in the line voltage or brownouts.

When Vcc is good, the anode to cathode is not conducting, but when the Vcc drops the capacitor stays up for a while, but the PUT triggers if the gate drops below the anode by 0.7v or more. This trigger turns on the anode to cathode path and the capacitor is quickly discharged. This fixed the problem and the PUT and resistor were easily tacked onto the existing PCB.

Damian Bonicatto is a consulting engineer with decades of experience in embedded hardware, firmware, and system design. He holds over 30 patents.

Phoenix Bonicatto is a freelance writer.

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Milestone Systems, a leading provider of open platform video management software announced the release of XProtect 2025 R1, featuring expanded cloud integration capabilities and advanced vehicle identification video analytics. This release demonstrates Milestone’s commitment to platform accessibility and enhanced security features across its XProtect product line.

Extended Arcules Plugin Support Broadens Cloud Integration Options

The XProtect 2025 R1 release, available from March 18 marks a significant expansion in platform accessibility, with the Arcules Plugin now supporting XProtect Professional+, Expert, and Corporate editions. This enhanced integration enables seamless video and alarm flow from the Arcules Video Surveillance as a Service (VSaaS/cloud solution) to XProtect across a broader range of deployments, opening new possibilities for system integrators and end users.

Previously available only for XProtect Corporate users, the Arcules Plugin has been redesigned as a standalone device solution, eliminating the requirement for interconnect licensing. This strategic enhancement allows organizations using XProtect Professional+, Expert, and Corporate to leverage Arcules’ capabilities, significantly expanding market accessibility and integration options.

Advanced Analytics Transform Vehicle Identification and Tracking

The XProtect License Plate Recognition extension in XProtect 2025 R1 introduces comprehensive enhancements that elevate vehicle identification to new levels of sophistication. These updates enable more precise and efficient vehicle analytics, including:

• Vehicle Classification: Enables differential processing based on vehicle type, from motorcycles to buses
• Color Recognition: Facilitates rapid vehicle identification for security and law enforcement
• Make/Model Detection: Enhances vehicle identification accuracy for investigative purposes
• Vehicle Angle Detection: Determines vehicle orientation relative to camera position

These advanced capabilities within the XProtect LPR extension accelerate vehicle identification processes, allowing security personnel and law enforcement to quickly locate and identify vehicles of interest. The system’s enhanced capabilities support rapid filtering of video data based on specific vehicle characteristics, speeding up investigation processes and improving response times.

Transformative Impact on City Operations

Beyond security applications, the enhanced vehicle analytics provide valuable insights for urban planning and traffic management. The system’s ability to analyze various vehicle types and their movement patterns enables:

• Data-driven traffic flow optimization
• Strategic congestion management
• Environmental impact assessment through traffic pattern analysis
• Informed infrastructure development planning

This latest release continues Milestone’s tradition of innovation in video management technology, providing partners and customers with advanced tools to enhance security operations and leverage video data for broader operational insights.

The post Milestone Systems Expands XProtect with Enhanced CLOUD Integration, Advanced Vehicle Analytics appeared first on ELE Times.

Automotive Grade Device Allows for the Calculation of Color Temperature, Light Source Differentiation, and Placement behind Dark Cover Glass

The Optoelectronics group of Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. introduced the industry’s first AEC-Q100 qualified RGBIR color sensor. The Vishay Semiconductors VEML6046X00 features a highly sensitive photodiode, low noise amplifier, and 16-bit ADC in a miniature, opaque 2.67 mm by 2.45 mm surface-mount package with a low 0.6 mm profile.

With separate red, green, blue, and infrared channels, the Automotive Grade device released today allows for the calculation of the color temperature to enable white point balancing for displays. The spectral sensitivity of the VEML6046X00’s green channel matches that of the human eye to ensure highly accurate measurements, while IR channel facilitates a stable output over a wide range of light sources. With an ambient light range from 0 lx to 176 klx, the sensor will not saturate in daylight, while its high sensitivity of 0.0053 lx/ct allows the device to be placed behind dark cover glass.

Offering a high operating temperature range to +110 °C, the VEML6046X00 will be used for automotive display backlight controls, infotainment systems, rear view mirror dimming, interior lighting control systems, heads-up displays, color recognition, CCT measurement, mood lighting, and laser front light monitoring. The sensor supports the easy to use I²C bus communication interface for these applications and offers an interrupt function.

The VEML6046X00 features a supply voltage range of 2.5 V to 3.6 V, I²C bus voltage range of 1.7 V to 3.6 V, and low shut down current consumption of 0.5 μA typical. RoHS-compliant, halogen-free, and Vishay Green, the device offers a Moisture Sensitivity Level of 2a and a floor life of four weeks in accordance with J-STD-020E.

The post Vishay Intertechnology Releases AEC-Q100 Qualified RGBIR Color Sensor in Compact 2.67 mm x 2.45 mm x 0.6 mm Package appeared first on ELE Times.

• Validates the performance of AI infrastructure by emulating real-world workloads
• Evaluates how new algorithms, components, and protocols improve the performance of
  AI training
• Adjusts and optimizes the parameters of both AI workloads and system infrastructure without investing in expensive large-scale deployments

Keysight Technologies, Inc. introduces Keysight AI Data Center Builder, an advanced software suite that emulates real-world workloads to evaluate how new algorithms, components, and protocols impact the performance of AI training.KAI Data Center Builder’s workload emulation capability integrates large language model and other artificial intelligence model training workloads into the design and validation of AI infrastructure components – networks, hosts, and accelerators. This solution enables tighter synergy between hardware design, protocols, architectures, and AI training algorithms, boosting system performance.

AI operators use various parallel processing strategies, also known as model partitioning, to accelerate AI model training. Aligning model partitioning with AI cluster topology and configuration enhances training performance. During the AI cluster design phase, critical questions are best answered through experimentation. Many of the questions focus on data movement efficiency between the graphics processing units. Key considerations include:

• Scale-up design of GPU interconnects inside an AI host or rack
• Scale-out network design, including bandwidth per GPU and topology
• Configuration of network load balancing and congestion control
• Tuning of the training framework parameters

The KAI Data Center Builder workload emulation solution reproduces network communication patterns of real-world AI training jobs to accelerate experimentation, reduce the learning curve necessary for proficiency, and provide deeper insights into the cause of performance degradation, which is challenging to achieve through real AI training jobs alone. Keysight customers can access a library of LLM workloads like GPT and Llama, with a selection of popular model partitioning schemas like Data Parallel, Fully Sharded Data Parallel, and three-dimensional parallelism.

Using the workload emulation application in the KAI Data Center Builder enables AI operators to:

• Experiment with parallelism parameters, including partition sizes and their distribution over the available AI infrastructure
• Understand the impact of communications within and among partitions on overall job completion time Identify low-performing collective operations and drill down to identify bottlenecks
• Analyze network utilization, tail latency, and congestion to understand the impact they have on JCT

The KAI Data Center Builder’s new workload emulation capabilities enable AI operators, GPU cloud providers, and infrastructure vendors to bring realistic AI workloads into their lab setups to validate the evolving designs of AI clusters and new components. They can also experiment to fine-tune model partitioning schemas, parameters, and algorithms to optimize the infrastructure and improve AI workload performance.

Ram Periakaruppan, Vice President and General Manager, Network Test & Security Solutions, Keysight, said: “As AI infrastructure grows in scale and complexity, the need for full-stack validation and optimization becomes crucial. To avoid costly delays and rework, it’s essential to shift validation to earlier phases of the design and manufacturing cycle. KAI Data Center Builder’s workload emulation brings a new level of realism to AI component and system design, optimizing workloads for peak performance.”

KAI Data Center Builder is the foundation of the Keysight Artificial Intelligence architecture, a portfolio of end-to-end solutions designed to help customers scale artificial intelligence processing capacity in data centers by validating AI cluster components using real-world AI workload emulation.

Keysight will showcase KAI Data Center Builder and its workload emulation capabilities in booth 1301 at the OFC 2025 conference, April 1-3, at the Moscone Center, San Francisco, California.

The post Keysight Introduces AI Data Center Builder to Validate and Optimize Network Architecture and Host Design appeared first on ELE Times.

18 x 2n2222 transistors submitted by /u/Careful-Rich9823 [link] [comments]