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WiFi-connected LED matrix clock and weather station based on ESP8266/ESP32 and MAX7219. It displays the current time, day of the week, and local weather (temp/humidity/weather description) fetched from OpenWeatherMap. Setup and configuration are fully managed via a built-in web interface. Glucose monitoring and countdown mode are also available ;) Code is available here: https://github.com/mfactory-osaka/ESPTimeCast submitted by /u/mfactory_osaka [link] [comments]

Співпраця для відбудови енергетичної системи України kpi пн, 09/01/2025 - 14:35

Decision Tree learning is a widely used method in machine learning and data analysis for making decisions and predictions. It employs a tree-like model of decisions, where each internal node represents a test on a feature, each branch corresponds to an outcome of the test, and each leaf node signifies a final decision or classification. The process begins at the root node, which encompasses the entire dataset, and progressively splits into branches based on feature values, ultimately leading to distinct outcomes. This hierarchical structure allows for intuitive visualization and interpretation of decision-making processes. Decision Trees are incredibly versatile and find applications across a wide range of fields. Highlighted below are the top 10 decision tree learning real-world applications and use cases.

1. Fraud Detection

Identifying and preventing fraudulent transactions is one of the primary use cases of Decision Trees, and they are especially beneficial in banking as well as e-commerce centers. For instance, Decision Trees can flag suspicious transactions such as sudden exorbitant spending or transactions from new locations, which helps enterprises to minimize financial risks and combat security threats.

2. Customer Segmentation

Decision Trees are particularly useful in marketing, where customers can be classified into groups based on age, income, and even purchase and browsing history. This form of segmentation is especially useful for marketing as it helps personalize communication and enhances engagement by ensuring the right message is delivered to the appropriate audience.

3. Medical Diagnosis

Decision trees in the healthcare sector are essential for assisting clinicians in making predictions about the likelihood of a disease for a patient. This is derived from the patient’s symptoms, tests, and previous medical records. The trees’ logic is clear, which gives the doctors a chance to follow each step of reasoning, and this makes the tools invaluable in clinical decision support systems.

4. Recommendation systems

Decision trees are used in recommendation systems, such as on Netflix and Amazon, to suggest items, movies, or services by analyzing user preferences, browsing history, and ratings. These models help personalize the user experience and increase engagement by suggesting items that align with individual tastes.

5. Predictive Maintenance

In the sectors of manufacturing and transportation, decision trees based on sensor data, usage patterns, and equipment operating conditions are used to forecast equipment failure. This provides timely maintenance and improves the chance to provide uninterrupted service.

6. Autonomous Driving Decision Systems

Decision trees are important to the development of autonomous vehicles because they incorporate decision making models in driving systems. With their complex environments, these vehicles have to make safe and efficient decisions while learning the rules of the road, functionality of other vehicles, and traffic control. The vehicles accelerate, brake, and even change lanes based on the output of decision trees.

7. Cybersecurity Threat Detection

The use of decision trees in threat detection provides a more in-depth look into network traffic, different login schemes and their failures, as well as different system behaviors. Their use aids in the prevention of attacks and protection of crucial information.

8. Filtering of Email Spam

In order to classify messages, email providers analyze the words used, the sender’s reputation, and the structure of the message. They classify the messages using decision trees as either spam or legitimate email. Making email spam free and increasing security for the users.

9. Space Agencies and Aerospace Companies

Space and aerospace companies use decision trees in monitoring spacecraft systems and in predicting component failure and assist in mission planning. They help ensure safety and reliability in high-stakes environments.

10. Navigation and GPS Functionality

Decision trees are used by mapping and navigation software to provide the best possible route possibilities while accounting for user preferences, roadwork, and traffic conditions. Decision trees also consider the user’s objectives, whether to minimize travel time, fuel consumption, or increase safety. 

Conclusion:

Decision trees learning have a wide array of uses in data driven decision making, and thus can be considered a very strong and useful methodology. Their unique and flexible structure, ease of understanding and use, and transparency make decision trees very useful from the healthcare sector and the finance sector all the way to public administration and environmental care sectors. Decision trees can be used and are very crucial in the healthcare sector to help make very important and life saving decisions, and businesses also stand to benefit through the use of decision trees in optimizing their strategies. The impact of decision trees is very important and will grow even further as technology advances.

The post Top 10 Decision Tree Learning Applications and Use Cases appeared first on ELE Times.

🎓 Адаптаційні курси КПІ для першокурсників kpi пн, 09/01/2025 - 14:02

Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) can make electronic devices much more energy efficient than existing silicon-based technology. For electronic diodes, researchers have been able to reliably produce n-type gallium oxide layers but struggled to create stable p-type layers because gallium oxide's crystal structure naturally resists the atoms needed for these layers. This limitation resulted in gallium oxide semiconductors with poor performance and reliability issues...

Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Japanese counterpart Shigeru Ishiba visited the Tokyo Electron Factory (TEL Miyagi) in Sendai. This visit was significant because it marked a focus of India and Japan’s cooperation in advanced technologies, especially semiconductors. The two leaders also emphasised the importance of this industry by taking the bullet train from Tokyo to Sendai, which is more than 300 km.

During the visit, Modi engaged with TEL executives regarding their position in the global semiconductor ecosystem and future partnerships with India. He emphasized how India’s growing manufacturing ecosystem and Japan’s cutting-edge semiconductor machinery and technology work in tandem.

In his remarks at the India–Japan Economic Forum, Modi highlighted semiconductors, batteries, and robotics as focus areas for Make in India collaborations. Prime Minister Ishiba laid out three goals: building stronger people-to-people ties, fusing technology with green initiatives, and boosting cooperation in high-tech fields, especially semiconductors.

The visit to Sendai came as a follow-up of the bilateral agreements made under the India-Japan Industrial Competitiveness Partnership and the Economic Security Dialogue. Both these agreements cover fields like critical minerals, ICT, pharmaceuticals, and more. An understanding was made to speed up the projects in these fields alongside semiconductors.

Involvement from the private sector is increasing steadily. Japanese firms have entered into around 150 MOUs over the last two years in sectors such as aerospace, automotive, semiconductors, energy, and human resources, as per the Ministry of External Affairs of India. Modi also remarked that the Digital Partnership 2.0, AI collaboration, and work on rare earth minerals will continue to be the focus of partnership.

Modi and Ishiba reiterated their vision of developing strong and trusted supply chains and India and Japan’s roles as critical partners in the framework of global technology security by keeping semiconductors as the focus of this visit.

The post PM Modi, Japan’s Ishiba Visit Sendai Plant to Boost Semiconductor Ties appeared first on ELE Times.

Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw inaugurated India’s first tempered glass manufacturing facility in Noida, marking a major milestone in the country’s electronics manufacturing ecosystem.

Noida now owns the distinction of having inaugurated India’s first tempered glass manufacturing unit, a step ahead in the electronics manufacturing journey.

The plant built in collaboration US technology giant Corning is owned and operated by Optiemus infracom. The factory will manufacture tempered glass for smartphones and other electronic devices, which is used as a protective layer and is used extensively.

Optiemus has emerged as a key player in India’s electronics manufacturing ecosystem, known for its strategic partnerships and innovation, Minister Vaishnaw described Optiemus, “a new gem in India’s fast-growing electronics manufacturing ecosystem,” and further stated that production of covered glass with Corning’s collaboration is slated to begin before the end of this year.

Investment and Production Capacity:

The Noida facility has been built with an initial investment of ₹70 crore and is, and it is furnished with an annual capacity of 2.5 crore units. In addition to supporting domestic manufacturing, the plant is projected to generate more than 600 direct jobs in the area.

Optiemus has set forth expansion plans of a larger scale. In the second phase of growth, the company aims to significantly increase its capacity to 20 crore units per year for the domestic market as well as for exports.

Phase 2 Expansion: 

For the next phase, the company wishes to open another plant in Noida with an annual capacity of 10 crore units. In addition, a new plant in southern India with a capacity of 15 crore tempered glass units is planned. An additional ₹800 crore is earmarked for this expansion, with the southern plant receiving more than ₹450 crore.

In addition, the company plans to launch its own brand of tempered glass, RhinoTech, in September 2025. Emphasizing domestic manufacturing, a ‘Made in India’ tag will be attached to the product. RhinoTech will have consumer-friendly features. For instance, it will be covered by a one-year warranty with unlimited replacement, which is bound to add value to the product in the market.

While speaking at the event, Minister Vaishnaw focused on the achievements of India’s electronics sector. In the past 11 years, this sector’s production value has increased six times, reaching ₹11.5 lakh crore. Exports have also grown to more than ₹3 lakh crore, and the industry supports 25 million jobs both directly and indirectly across the country.

The inauguration of this factory marks India’s entry into the tempered glass manufacturing industry, which was previously reliant on imports. The impact of this development is the expected improvement of the supply chain for smartphones and other electronic devices, which is in line with the government initiative to make India a global hub for electronics production.

The post India’s First Tempered Glass Production Unit Inaugurated in Noida appeared first on ELE Times.

💯 Конкурс рішень з гуманітарного розмінування: TechBridge x Sikorsky Innovation Challenge kpi пн, 09/01/2025 - 11:47

In the evolving landscape of precision sensing, contactless potentiometers are quietly redefining what reliability looks like. By replacing mechanical wear points with magnetic sensing, these devices offer a frictionless alternative that is both durable and remarkably accurate.

This post offers a quick look at how contactless potentiometers work, where they are used, and why they are gaining ground.

Detecting position, movement, rotation, or angular acceleration is essential in modern control and measurement systems. Traditionally, this was done using mechanical potentiometers—a resistive strip with a sliding contact known as a wiper. As the wiper moves, it alters the resistance values, allowing the system to determine position.

Although these devices are inexpensive, they suffer from wear and tears due to friction between the strip and the wiper. This limits their reliability and shortens their lifespan, especially in harsh environments.

To address these issues, non-contact alternatives have become increasingly popular. Most rely on magnetic sensors and offer a range of advantages: higher accuracy, greater resistance to shocks, vibrations, moisture and contaminants, wider operating temperature ranges, and minimal maintenance. Most importantly, they last significantly longer, making them ideal for demanding applications where durability and precision are critical.

Where are contactless potentiometers used?

Contactless potentiometers (non-contact position sensors) are found in all sorts of machines and devices where it’s important to know how something is moving—without touching it directly. Because they do not wear out like traditional potentiometers, they are perfect for jobs that need long-lasting, reliable performance.

In factories, they help robots and machines move precisely. In cars, they track things like pedal position and steering angle. You will even find them in wind turbines, helping monitor movement to keep everything running smoothly.

They are also used in airplanes, satellites, and other high-tech systems where accuracy and reliability are absolutely critical. When precision and reliability are non-negotiable, contactless potentiometers outperform their mechanical counterparts.

What makes contactless potentiometers work

At the heart of every contactless potentiometer lies a clever interplay of magnetic fields and sensor technology that enables precise, wear-free position sensing.

Figure 1 The STHE30 series single-turn single-output contactless potentiometer employs Hall-effect technology. Source: P3 America

The contactless potentiometer shown above—like most contemporary designs—employs Hall-effect technology to sense the rotational travel of the knob. This method is favored for its reliability, long lifespan, and immunity to mechanical wear.

However, Hall-effect sensing is just one of several technologies used in contactless potentiometers. Other approaches include magneto-resistive sensing, which offers robust precision and thermal stability. Then there is inductive sensing, known for its robustness in harsh environments and suitability for high-speed applications. Next, capacitive sensing, often chosen for compact form factors, facilitates low-power designs. Finally, optical encoding provides high-resolution feedback by detecting changes in light patterns.

Ultimately, choosing the right sensing technology hinges on factors like required accuracy, environmental conditions, and mechanical limitations.

Displayed below is the SK22B model—a contactless potentiometer that operates using inductive sensing for precise, wear-free position detection.

Figure 2 The SK22B potentiometer integrates precision inductive elements to achieve contactless operation. Source: www.potentiometers.com

Contactless sensing for makers

So, contactless potentiometers—also known as non-contact rotary sensors, angle encoders, or electronic position knobs—offer precise, wear-free angular position sensing.

Something worth pointing out is that a quick pick for practical hobbyists is the AS5600—a compact, easy-to-program magnetic rotary position sensor that excels in such applications, thanks to its 12-bit resolution, low power draw, and strong immunity to stray magnetic fields.

Also keep in mind that while the AS5600 is favored for its simplicity and reliability, other magnetic position sensors—like the AS5048 or MLX90316—offer robust contactless performance for more advanced or specialized applications.

Another notable option is the MagAlpha MAQ470 automotive angle sensor, engineered to detect the absolute angular position of a permanent magnet—typically a diametrically magnetized cylindrical magnet mounted on a rotating shaft.

Figure 3 Functional blocks of the AS5600 unveil the inner workings. Source: ams OSRAM

And a bit of advice for anyone designing angle measurement systems using contactless potentiometers: success hinges on tailoring the solution to the specific demands of the application. These devices are widely used in areas like industrial automation, robotics, electronic power steering, and motor position sensing, where they monitor the angular position of rotating shafts in either on-axis or off-axis setups.

Key design considerations include shaft arrangement, air gap tolerance, required accuracy, and operating temperature range. During practical implementation, it’s crucial to account for two major sources of error—those stemming from the sensor chip itself and those introduced by the magnetic input—to ensure reliable performance and precise measurements.

A while ago, I shared an outline for weather enthusiasts to build an expandable wind vane using a readily available angle sensor module. This time, I am diving into a complementary idea: crafting a poor man’s optical contactless potentiometer/angle sensor/encoder.

The device itself is quite simple: a perforated disc rotates between infrared LEDs and phototransistors. Whenever a phototransistor is illuminated by its corresponding light sender, it becomes conductive. Naturally, you will need access to a 3D printer to fabricate the disc.

Be sure to position the phototransistors and align the holes strategically; this allows you to encode the maximum number of angular positions within minimal space. A quick reference drawing is shown below.

Figure 4 The schematic shows an optical alternative setup. Source: Author

It’s worth pointing out that this setup is particularly effective for implementing a Gray Coding system, as long as the disc is patterned with a single-track Gray Code. Developed by Frank Gray, Gray Code stands out for its elegant approach to binary representation. By ensuring that only a single bit changes between consecutive values, it streamlines logic operations and helps guard against transition errors.

That’s all for now, leaving plenty of intriguing ideas for you to ponder and inquire further. But the story does not end here—I have some deeper thoughts to share on absolute encoders, incremental encoders, rotary encoders, linear encoders, and more. Perhaps a topic for an upcoming post.

If any of these spark your curiosity, let me know—your questions and comments might just shape what comes next. Until then, stay curious, keep questioning, and do not hesitate to reach out with your thoughts.

T. K. Hareendran is a self-taught electronics enthusiast with a strong passion for innovative circuit design and hands-on technology. He develops both experimental and practical electronic projects, documenting and sharing his work to support fellow tinkerers and learners. Beyond the workbench, he dedicates time to technical writing and hardware evaluations to contribute meaningfully to the maker community.

Related Content

• When potentiometers go to pot
• Contactless electric bell on a gradient relay
• Gear Potentiometers – A Quick Introduction
• The Contactless Passive Multifunctional Sensors
• Hall-effect sensors measure fields and detect position

The post Contactless potentiometers: Unlocking precision with magnetic sensing appeared first on EDN.

The University of Wisconsin-Madison’s Engineering Centers Building on 5 August hosted the grand opening of the Ultra-Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) Laboratory, attended by university and national R&D leaders including UW-Madison’s vice chancellor for research Dorota Grejner-Brzezinska; College of Engineering Dean Devesh Ranjan; and Vivek Prasad, VP for design engineering ecosystem enablement at NatCast (a nonprofit that operates the National Semiconductor Technology Center). They joined Susan Hagness, chair of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and ECE assistant professor Shubhra Pasayat, who oversees the new facility as the lab’s principal investigator...

made this diy relay modules with relays I had lying around and made it smart using the esp32 submitted by /u/Rare-Town5273 [link] [comments]

It's been a while since my previous prototype. I always test new projects on proto boards, since parts on Spice can't explode :). This is a NE555 PWM MOSFET driver with adjustable off and on state pulse width. On state is about 100ms and off state is about three seconds. This is a part of a flyback driver for electrical fence. Since everything works fine it's time to fire up KiCad and map everything. submitted by /u/orefat [link] [comments]

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Learn how a varactor diode's variable capacitance, together with an LC tank circuit, can drive a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) to create FM waveforms.

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Iv never actually messed with the electronics, iv only ever handled the programming. submitted by /u/Bobert_DaZukin [link] [comments]

The photorelay aims at 800 V battery management systems in electric vehicles and energy storage applications.

Needed to test a circuit on a breadboard that needs a RRIO Op Amp. Didn't have any DIP ones on hand, so "dead bugged" a surface mount MCP6001 to an 8-pin IC socket. submitted by /u/PleasantCandidate785 [link] [comments]

Amp Output.. If I succeed in making it, I'll upload it to Reddit and YouTube. submitted by /u/Time_Double_1213 [link] [comments]