ELE Times

Anritsu Corporation introduces an option that evaluates the RF transmit and receive characteristics of 2×2 MIMO as defined in IEEE 802.11be (Wi-Fi 7) for its Wireless Connectivity Test Set MT8862A (WLAN Tester). With this new expanded capability, the MT8862A supports to measure the receive sensitivity and transmit power of devices supporting Wi-Fi 7 2×2 MIMO, using the Network Mode [*], which allows devices to be evaluated under real-world operating conditions, thus helping to improve the communication quality of WLAN-equipped devices.

Development Background

Although the official release of the Wi-Fi 7 standard is scheduled for 2024, product development based on the draft standard is underway, with leading companies already beginning to bring their products to market. Especially, in devices for applications such as ultra-high-definition video streaming and AR/VR, large amounts of high-speed data is being handled. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology is used to increase transmission speed and the amount of traffic, but the complexity of the evaluation is a challenge. Anritsu has therefore enhanced the functionality of the MT8862A, which can easily measure WLAN-equipped devices under real-world operating conditions, to enable the evaluation of devices supporting Wi-Fi 7 2×2 MIMO, which requires two antennas for each of the transmitter and receiver.

Anritsu will contribute to improving the performance of ALMA, the unravelling of the universe, and the development of science.

Product Overview

• Evaluating RF TRX characterization of Wi-Fi 7 in Network Mod

The MT8862A supports three frequency bands (2.4 GHz/5 GHz/6 GHz), a 320 MHz channel bandwidth, and 4096 QAM modulation, and the new option allows it to evaluate the RF TRX characteristics of devices supporting Wi-Fi 7 2×2 MIMO in Network Mode.

• Easy to use and measure

The MT8862A can perform the necessary measurements by simply connecting to the WLAN-equipped device under test. No target control settings are required, and measurements can be taken even by personnel unfamiliar with how to configure the measurement system.

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ROHM has announced the adoption of its PMICs in power reference designs focused on the next-generation cockpit SoCs ‘Dolphin3’ (REF67003) and ‘Dolphin5’ (REF67005) by Telechips, a major fabless semiconductor manufacturer for automotive applications headquartered in Pangyo, South Korea. Intended for use inside the cockpits of European automakers, these designs are scheduled for mass production in 2025.

ROHM and Telechips have been engaged in technical exchanges since 2021, fostering a close collaborative relationship from the early stages of SoC chip design. As a first step in achieving this goal, ROHM’s power supply solutions have been integrated into Telechips’ power supply reference designs. These solutions support diverse model development by combining sub-PMICs and DrMOS with the main PMIC for SoCs.

For infotainment applications, the Dolphin3 application processor (AP) power reference design includes the BD96801Qxx-C main PMIC for SoCs. Similarly, the Dolphin5 AP power reference design developed for next-generation digital cockpits combines the BD96805Qxx-C and BD96811Fxx-C main PMICs for SoC with the BD96806Qxx-C sub-PMIC for SoC, improving overall system efficiency and reliability.

Modern cockpits are equipped with multiple displays, such as instrument clusters and infotainment systems, with each automotive application becoming increasingly multifunctional. As the processing power required for automotive SoCs increases, power ICs like PMICs must be able to support high currents while maintaining high efficiency. At the same time, manufacturers require flexible solutions that can accommodate different vehicle types and model variations with minimal circuit modifications. ROHM SoC PMICs address these challenges with high efficiency operation and internal memory (One Time Programmable ROM) that allows for custom output voltage settings and sequence control, enabling compatibility with large currents when paired with a sub-PMIC or DrMOS.

Moonsoo Kim,
Senior Vice President and Head of System Semiconductor R&D Center, Telechips Inc.

“Telechips offers reference designs and core technologies centered around automotive SoCs for next-generation ADAS and cockpit applications. We are pleased to have developed a power reference design that supports the advanced features and larger displays found in next-generation cockpits by utilizing power solutions from ROHM, a global semiconductor manufacturer. Leveraging ROHM’s power supply solutions allows these reference designs to achieve advanced functionality while maintaining low power consumption. ROHM power solutions are highly scalable, so we look forward to future model expansions and continued collaboration.”

Sumihiro Takashima,
Corporate Officer and Director of the LSI Business Unit, ROHM Co., Ltd.

“We are pleased that our power reference designs have been adopted by Telechips, a company with a strong track record in automotive SoCs. As ADAS continues to evolve and cockpits become more multifunctional, power supply ICs must handle larger currents while minimizing current consumption. ROHM SoC PMICs meet the high current demands of next-generation cockpits by adding a DrMOS or sub-PMIC in the stage after the main PMIC. This setup achieves high efficiency operation that contributes to lower power consumption. Going forward, ROHM will continue our partnership with Telechips to deepen our understanding of next-generation cockpits and ADAS, driving further evolution in the automotive sector through rapid product development.”

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The increasing connectivity of road vehicles leads to a growing need for cybersecurity. The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) has therefore adopted the R155 and R156 regulations, which define the cybersecurity requirements for OEMs. OEMs who want to sell new vehicles in UNECE-regulated markets must hold a valid type approval certificate and implement cybersecurity practices throughout the supply chain to minimize the risk of attack throughout the vehicle’s lifecycle. The TRAVEO T2G Automotive Microcontroller family for Body and Cluster from Infineon Technologies AG features a Hardware Security Module (HSM) that is capable of executing secured boot and ensuring secured isolation of HSM applications and data. To further enhance this, Infineon plans to retrospectively implement product compliance for the TRAVEO T2G automotive microcontroller family with the latest automotive cybersecurity standard ISO/SAE 21434. All necessary documentation, including the Cybersecurity Manual and Cybersecurity Case Report, will be provided to customers.

“With ISO/SAE 21434 compliant TRAVEO T2G automotive microcontrollers, OEMs’ effort to comply with UNECE R155 and R156 regulations will be significantly reduced. This enables faster time to the regulated markets”, said Ralf Koedel, Vice President Automotive Microcontroller at Infineon. “For existing customers, compliance becomes simpler, faster and more cost-effective while allowing the reuse of existing software and hardware. New customers can also benefit from the ISO/SAE 21434 compliance.”

The TRAVEO T2G microcontrollers are based on the Arm Cortex-M4(Single core)/M7(Single core/Dual core/ Quad core) core and deliver high performance, enhanced human-machine interfaces, high-security and advanced networking protocols tailored for a wide range of automotive applications. They offer state-of-the-art real-time performance, safety and security features. This is reflected, among other things, in the introduction of HSM (Hardware Security Module), dedicated Cortex-M0+ for secured processing, and embedded flash in dual bank mode for FOTA requirements.

With the planned new product compliance, developers can continue to use the TRAVEO T2G MCUs to develop their ISO/SAE 21434 compliant ECUs. As a result, they will benefit from lower product development costs and faster time-to-market for both existing and new platforms.

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The United States, China, and India are known for their significant contributions to the global automotive industry. Let’s dive into the details of each market and analyze the factors that make them unique and influential on a global scale.

Currently, the USA leads with a market size of Rs 78 lakh crore, followed by China at Rs 47 lakh crore. India, now at Rs 22 lakh crore, has significant potential.

The US Automotive Market: The United States has one of the largest automotive markets in the world. With a population of over 330 million people, there is a high demand for vehicles in the country. In 2020, the US automotive market was valued at approximately $1.5 trillion. This value includes the sales of new cars, as well as aftermarket services and products.

The market is anticipated to witness increased demand for commercial vehicles due to the thriving logistics and passenger transportation industry. Government policies and initiatives is also a market driver that have a significant impact on its growth and are anticipated to continue doing so in the years to come.

One of the key drivers of the US automotive market is consumer demand. Americans have a strong preference for larger vehicles such as trucks and SUVs, which contribute significantly to the overall market size. Additionally, the US is home to several major automakers such as General Motors, Ford, and Tesla, which further stimulate market growth.

The China Automotive Market

China is the largest automotive market in the world in terms of vehicle sales. With a population of over 1.4 billion people, the demand for cars in China is immense. In 2020, the Chinese automotive market was valued at approximately $1.5 trillion, on par with the US market.
One of the key factors driving the growth of the Chinese automotive market is the rising middle class. As incomes in China continue to increase, more people are able to afford cars, leading to a surge in vehicle sales. Additionally, the Chinese government has implemented policies to promote the production and adoption of electric vehicles, further boosting market growth.

China Automotive Vehicle Industry is expected to grow with a CAGR of 4.10% from 2021-2030.

The Chinese automotive industry is uniquely situated to become a centre for the best technologies. By Category, the Chinese automotive vehicles industry’s principal categories include Electric Vehicle (EV), Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicle (MHEV), Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV), Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV), Diesel Vehicle, Petrol Vehicle. In recent years, Electric vehicles (EV) and Mild Hybrid Electric vehicles (MHEV) have been very successful in China. In particular, due to the Chinese government’s support and the cost-saving trend offered through buying an electric vehicle, which avoids the cost of purchasing a license plate, which is indeed a considerable saving.

The India Automotive Market

India is another key player in the global automotive industry. With a population of over 1.3 billion people, India has a large consumer base for vehicles. In 2020, the Indian automotive market was valued at approximately $100 billion, significantly smaller than the US and China markets.
One of the main drivers of the Indian automotive market is the increasing urbanization of the country. As more people move to cities, the demand for vehicles, especially two-wheelers and compact cars, is on the rise. Additionally, government initiatives such as the “Make in India” campaign have encouraged domestic production and manufacturing in the automotive sector.
In conclusion, the US, China, and India are three key players in the global automotive market, each with its unique characteristics and drivers of growth. While the US and China have larger market sizes, India is a rapidly developing market with great potential for future expansion. By understanding the size and dynamics of these markets, stakeholders can make informed decisions and capitalize on opportunities for growth and innovation.

Some of the recent/planned investments and developments in the automobile sector in India are as follows:

• The Renault-Nissan alliance is stepping up its investments in India plans to invest US$ 600-700 million at its Chennai-based facility to step up platform localisation and improve sophistication levels in manufacturing.
• Mercedes Benz will make an investment of Rs 3,000 crore (US$ 360.14 million) in Maharashtra.
• In March 2024, Tata Motors Group has signed a facilitation Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Government of Tamil Nadu to explore setting-up of a vehicle manufacturing facility in the state. The MoU envisages an investment of US$ 1,081.6 million (Rs. 9,000 crores) over 5-years.
• Tata Motors, in April 2024, announced the inauguration of a new commercial vehicle spare parts warehouse in Guwahati.
• In April 2024, Maruti Suzuki India Limited, commissioned another vehicle assembly line at its Manesar facility.
• In February 2024, Hyundai Motors has announced it will invest over US$ 3.85 billion (Rs 32,000 crore) from 2023 to 2033 in expanding its EV range and enhancing its current car and SUV platforms.
• In January 2024, Mercedes-Benz is set to invest US$ 24.04 million (Rs 200 crore) in India in 2024 and is gearing up to introduce more than a dozen new cars, including EVs this year.
• In February 2024, Klaus Zellmer CEO of Skoda Auto said India is the most promising growth market for Skoda Auto and Skoda Auto India is looking to increase its share in the Indian market to 5% by 2030.
• In April 2024, Hero Motocorp said it has opened an assembly facility in Nepal in partnership with its distributor CG Motors with capacity of 75,000 units per annum.
• Ola Electric IPO to be the first auto company in India to launch an IPO in over two decades (20 years). It has an expected size of US$ 1.01 billion (Rs. 8,500 crore).
• In January 2024, BMW sold 1,340 luxury cars, the highest in the segment, which gave it a market share of 0.34%. Mercedes-Benz sold 1,333 cars in January 2024.
• In January 2024, Hyundai Motor India Limited announced US$ 743.8 million (Rs. 6,180 crore) investment plans in the state of Tamil Nadu including US$ 21.7 million (Rs. 180 crore) towards a dedicated ‘Hydrogen Valley Innovation Hub,’ in association with IIT- Madras.
• In January 2024, Hyundai Motor India Ltd. finalized the acquisition and transfer of specified assets at General Motors India’s Talegaon Plant in Maharashtra and inked an MoU with the Government of Maharashtra committing to an investment of US$ 722 million (Rs. 6,000 crore) in the state.
• In January 2024, Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. and the India-Japan Fund (“IJF”), managed by the National Investment and Infrastructure Fund Limited (“NIIF”), entered into a binding agreement, with IJF committing to invest US$ 48.1 million (Rs. 400 crore) in Mahindra Last Mile Mobility Limited (MLMML).
• In January 2024, at the Vibrant Gujarat Global Summit, Maruti Suzuki announced the investment plans in Gujarat with a New Greenfield plant and a fourth line in SMG.

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The automotive industry in India is poised for significant growth in the coming years, with experts predicting that it will become the largest in the world within the next five years. This growth is driven by factors such as increasing disposable incomes, rising demand for cars and commercial vehicles, and government initiatives to promote manufacturing in the country.

Why is the Indian Automobile Industry on the Path to Becoming the Largest?

1. Growing Economy: India is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, with a rising middle class that has more purchasing power than ever before. This has led to an increase in demand for vehicles, both for personal and commercial use.
2. Government Initiatives: The Indian government has introduced several initiatives to promote the growth of the automotive industry, such as the “Make in India” campaign, which aims to boost manufacturing in the country. In addition, policies such as the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (FAME) scheme have incentivized the production of electric vehicles.
3. Investment from Global Players: Several international automotive companies have set up manufacturing plants in India to cater to the growing demand in the country. This influx of investment has not only created job opportunities but has also boosted the overall growth of the industry.

What are the Key Challenges Facing the Indian Automobile Industry?

1. Infrastructure Development: The lack of adequate infrastructure, such as highways and roads, poses a significant challenge to the growth of the automotive industry in India. Poor road conditions can lead to increased wear and tear on vehicles, as well as higher maintenance costs.
2. Environmental Concerns: With the increasing focus on sustainability and environmental conservation, the automotive industry in India is under pressure to reduce its carbon footprint. This has led to the development of electric vehicles and other alternative fuel technologies, but more needs to be done to address this issue.
3. Competition from Foreign Markets: While the Indian automotive industry is experiencing significant growth, it faces tough competition from established markets such as China and the United States. Indian manufacturers need to innovate and adapt to changing market trends to stay ahead in the global market.

The Indian automobile industry is well-positioned to become the largest in the world within the next five years. With the right government support, investment from global players, and a focus on innovation and sustainability, the industry is set to witness exponential growth. However, challenges such as infrastructure development and environmental concerns need to be addressed to ensure sustainable growth in the long run.

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IT/OT convergence brings physical (OT) equipment and devices into the digital (IT) world. This digital transformation is driven by technologies like the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and big data analytics, which are crucial for enhancing production efficiency and boosting productivity. Historically, both systems have operated independently with distinct priorities, protocols, and security needs. However, with the dynamic digitalization landscape, challenges are ever evolving. Complexities arise as the demands for security, flexibility, scalability, lifecycle management, and efficiency become more evident. aReady.COM, congatec’s application-ready offering around computer-on-modules (COMs), provides the perfect building blocks for out-of-the box IT/OT convergence, reducing complexity by seamlessly integrating hardware and software for enhanced performance and flexibility.

The advent of Industry 4.0 and the IIoT have positioned IT/OT convergence as a pivotal element in the core of business operations, becoming indispensable for organizational success. This convergence demands the exchange of data from machines and systems with minimal latency to ensure the integrity of a real-time digital twin. Additionally, it is imperative to have a feedback mechanism integrated within the same hardware platform for usage-based business models that rely on immediate access to operational data, such as finance, for accurate billing, and maintenance to enhance productivity and maximize uptime.

However, as the integration of IT and OT systems deepens, the exposure to cyber threats escalates. Cyber attacks, once primarily aimed at IT, now extend their reach to OT. In response to this heightened risk, the European Union introduced the Cyber Resilience Act alongside the IEC 62443 standards. These measures mandate that starting in 2027, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) must ensure their connected systems, devices, and machines comply with these regulations before entering the EU market. The objective is to reduce the vulnerability to cyber-attacks and safeguard against potential risks by secure software updates.

Security through separation

To ensure such secure updates via a separated IIoT gateway for example, OEMs don’t need to add individual hardware. Using system consolidation techniques alongside a hypervisor, such an instance can be implemented on the same multi-core module fully separated and secure. All that’s needed is a separate instance that doesn’t run under the same operating system as the HMI or the control system but instead operates in an isolated environment. This environment, acting as a security island, separates data and applications from one another. This approach helps reduce hardware costs while increasing the system’s flexibility and reliability.

However, implementing the necessary software for this consolidated system can be more complex than configuring the hardware itself. Crafting a hypervisor tailored for system consolidation is an arduous task if done in-house, given the tightly coupled association between this type of hardware-related software and the embedded platform. In such instances, the specialized knowledge of an embedded systems partner is invaluable.

IT/OT convergence needs dedicated software

Furthermore, many organizations do not possess the necessary in-house capabilities to develop the functional IT/OT convergence software, as the generic software solutions available on the market may not meet specific functional needs. Furthermore, the availability and precision of the embedded system’s operation hinges on the hardware data, which must be accessible and standardized by the IIoT software in terms of format, transmission protocol, and measurement units. For instance, a discrepancy in temperature data units – receiving Kelvin or Fahrenheit when Celsius is expected – could lead to operational disarray. This can be circumvented by leveraging the expertise of embedded manufacturers who can provide the required building blocks for monitoring software, given their intimate knowledge of their hardware.

The software in question should enable a range of functionalities, including remote monitoring of essential hardware details such as module identification, health, specifications, and sensor data, as well as the integration with standard communication interfaces like I2C, GPIOs, and Ethernet. It should also facilitate comprehensive monitoring and secure access to embedded systems, encompassing security protocols, sensor and actuator integration, control logic, lifecycle management, and historical data. Additionally, it should provide connectivity to prevalent cloud services like Azure and AWS, with options for establishing or integrating private on-premises clouds to protect critical business data. At its most advanced, the software should grant secure, real-time control over machines through edge devices, complete with remote management capabilities.

With a resilient, reliable, and secure IIoT connection, businesses gain real-time visibility of all data types from devices and connected sensors. Further advantages include reliable data processing, secure and encrypted connection with authorized access, real-time machine operation capabilities, and optimized maintenance costs with minimal on-site service for routine work and updates. With or without AI enhancement, predictive maintenance provides further opportunities to reduce machine downtime compared to fixed maintenance intervals.

Application ready software building blocks

With aReady.VT for system consolidation and aReady.IOT for IIoT connection, congatec has set out to address these needs. The aReady.VT virtualization technology enables designers to consolidate functions that previously required multiple dedicated systems on one single hardware platform. For example, the IIoT connector for IT/OT convergence can be highly efficiently integrated on the same COM that is hosting the application by using a dedicated virtual machine.

By reducing the number of systems, embedded computing applications can achieve significant size, weight, power consumption, and cost (SWaP-C) savings. aReady.VT supports the full range of congatec’s x86 COMs, from low-power to high-performance Server-on-Modules (SOMs). Notably, congatec is currently the only manufacturer to implement such Hypervisor-on-Module functionality application-ready across all their current x86 modules. This system consolidation shortens time-to-market and optimizes overall system functionality.

aReady.IOT offers a range of application-ready software building blocks that can be chosen to implement the exact functionality needed for successful digitalization (Figure 1). The IoT software and hardware building blocks enable seamless communication and data transfer between diverse systems and devices. This empowers companies to optimize production processes, increase efficiency, and reduce costs. Crucially, aReady.IOT incorporates intrinsic security features to safeguard sensitive data against cyber threats and maintain operational integrity.

The capabilities of the aReady.IOT solution encompass a comprehensive suite of functions. Users can remotely access a wealth of device information, including serial numbers, software versions, voltages, and temperatures. It also allows for the retrieval of status values from an array of connected peripheral devices and sensors, capturing metrics such as acceleration, pressure, and vibrations. Beyond monitoring, the solution provides for the remote control of devices, enabling users to manage operations from afar.

In terms of data presentation, the system facilitates the visualization of information through dashboards or digital twins, offering an intuitive and interactive representation of the devices’ statuses. Additionally, the solution supports process automation, streamlining operations and enhancing efficiency.

The technology that underpins aReady.IOT is built upon the solid foundation established by Arendar, a company that congatec acquired in 2023. A key advantage of aReady.IOT is that designers don’t need to program their IIoT connection from scratch. Instead, they can simply parameterize it through a web interface. This approach offers maximum flexibility and the convenience of ready-made apps, providing instant access to cost-saving opportunities.

Robotic arm implementation

Consider a robot arm with a stereoscopic camera for object recognition and positioning. This system consolidates various tasks but doesn’t run them under one operating system. Instead, it creates dedicated virtual systems for real-time control, HMI, AI-powered object recognition and an IIoT connection for secure IT/OT convergence.

This setup enables predictive maintenance and new business models like Robot-as-a-Service (RaaS). System consolidation allows these diverse tasks to co-exist on a single COM yet be kept separate by a hypervisor. This approach transforms multiple systems into one, maximizing resource utilization while reducing space requirements and cabling, resulting in significantly lower overall system and installation costs and increased reliability.

Application-ready COMs

As part of its aReady.COM strategy, congatec offers aReady.VT and aReady.IOT in an application-ready or custom-configured package (Figure 2). These aReady.COMs integrate a pre-configured hypervisor, operating system, and IIoT software. Developers can boot these individually configured aReady.COM modules immediately and install their applications.

Alternatively, they can skip this task and let congatec deliver ready-made images with pre-installed application software, allowing modules to be directly deployed on-site during the commissioning process. This streamlines workflows, supply chain, and warehousing, making them much more efficient.

Regardless of the chosen integration level, aReady.COMs minimize the complexity of integrating diverse IIoT functionalities into embedded and edge computing systems below the application layer.

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In recent years, there have been significant advancements in automotive battery technology, paving the way for cleaner and more efficient vehicles. Researchers worldwide are actively exploring new materials and technologies to improve the performance and sustainability of batteries used in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid cars. So, what is next for automotive battery technology?

The Future of Automotive Battery Technology:

1. Lithium-Ion Batteries: Lithium-ion batteries have been the go-to choice for electric vehicles due to their high energy density and long cycle life. However, researchers are working on enhancing these batteries further to increase their energy storage capacity and reduce their cost.
2. Solid-State Batteries: One of the most promising advancements in battery technology is the development of solid-state batteries. These batteries use solid electrolytes instead of liquid ones, which can significantly increase energy density and improve safety.
3. Graphene Batteries: Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms, has shown great potential for use in batteries due to its high conductivity and strength. Research is ongoing to incorporate graphene into battery designs to increase energy storage and reduce charging times.
4. Sodium-Ion Batteries: Sodium-ion batteries are being explored as a more sustainable alternative to lithium-ion batteries. Sodium is abundant and inexpensive, making it a viable option for large-scale energy storage applications.
5. Wireless Charging: Wireless charging technology is gaining traction in the automotive industry, allowing EVs to charge without physical connections to charging stations. This convenience could revolutionize the way we power our vehicles in the future.
6. Challenges and Opportunities:
   While the future of automotive battery technology looks promising, there are still challenges that need to be overcome. The high cost of advanced battery materials and the limited availability of rare earth elements are major hurdles in the widespread adoption of EVs. Additionally, battery recycling and disposal methods need to be improved to minimize environmental impact.

However, with continued research and development, these challenges can be addressed, opening up new opportunities for innovation in the automotive industry. From increasing energy density to reducing charging times, the possibilities for automotive battery technology are limitless.

The future of automotive battery technology is bright, with researchers worldwide working tirelessly to push the boundaries of energy storage and efficiency. From solid-state batteries to graphene-enhanced designs, the possibilities for enhancing EV performance are endless. As we look towards a cleaner and more sustainable future, automotive battery technology will undoubtedly play a crucial role in shaping the way we drive. So, what is next for automotive battery technology? The answer lies in continuous innovation and collaboration towards creating the next generation of batteries for electric vehicles.

What Is the Current State of Automotive Battery Technology?

The current state of automotive battery technology is advanced, with lithium-ion batteries being the most common type used in electric vehicles. These batteries have a high energy density, which allows them to store a large amount of energy in a relatively small and lightweight package. However, there are still some challenges that automakers face when it comes to implementing these batteries in their vehicles.

The Most Challenging Aspect of Automotive Battery Technology Today

In today’s fast-paced world, the automotive industry is constantly evolving to meet the demands of consumers and the environment. One of the key areas of focus for automakers is battery technology, as more and more vehicles are transitioning to electric power. But what is the most challenging aspect of automotive battery technology today?

1. Cost: One of the biggest challenges of automotive battery technology today is the cost of manufacturing lithium-ion batteries. While the cost of these batteries has decreased in recent years, they still make up a significant portion of the overall cost of an electric vehicle, making them less accessible to the average consumer.
2. Range: Another challenge facing automakers is the range of electric vehicles. While advancements in battery technology have increased the range of electric vehicles, they still cannot match the range of traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. This limitation makes consumers hesitant to make the switch to electric vehicles.
3. Charging Infrastructure: The lack of a robust charging infrastructure is another challenge that automakers face. While there are more charging stations being built every day, the infrastructure is still not as widespread or convenient as gas stations, making it difficult for consumers to rely solely on electric vehicles for their transportation needs.
4. Durability: Lithium-ion batteries degrade over time, which can lead to a decrease in performance and range. This degradation can be exacerbated by factors such as extreme temperatures or fast charging, making it difficult for automakers to guarantee the longevity and durability of their batteries.

How Can These Challenges Be Overcome?

1. Research and Development: Continued research and development in battery technology is crucial to overcoming the challenges faced by automakers. By investing in new materials and manufacturing processes, automakers can reduce the cost of batteries, increase their energy density, and improve their longevity.
2. Infrastructure Investment: Building a robust charging infrastructure is essential to increasing the adoption of electric vehicles. Governments and private companies must work together to install more charging stations and make them more accessible to consumers.
3. Consumer Education: Educating consumers about the benefits of electric vehicles and addressing their concerns about range and charging infrastructure is key to increasing their adoption. Automakers must work to dispel myths and misconceptions about electric vehicles and highlight their environmental and cost-saving advantages.

While automotive battery technology has come a long way in recent years, there are still several challenges that automakers face in implementing these technologies in their vehicles. By addressing issues such as cost, range, charging infrastructure, and durability, automakers can pave the way for a future where electric vehicles are the norm rather than the exception.

The Future of Automotive Battery Technology

Are you curious about what the future of automotive battery technology holds? In this article, we will explore the advancements and innovations that are shaping the future of automotive batteries.

What the Future Automotive Battery Would Be Like?

1. Longer Battery Life: One of the most significant developments in automotive battery technology is the quest for longer battery life. Manufacturers are constantly working on improving the energy density of batteries to increase the range of electric vehicles. This will result in fewer charges and longer driving distances, making electric cars more convenient and practical for everyday use.

2. Faster Charging Speeds: Another key aspect of the future of automotive batteries is faster charging speeds. With advancements in charging technology, electric vehicles will be able to charge more quickly, reducing the time it takes to power up and get back on the road. Fast-charging stations will become more widespread, making electric vehicles a more viable option for long-distance travel.

3. Enhanced Safety Features: Safety is always a top priority when it comes to automotive batteries. In the future, we can expect to see even more advanced safety features built into battery systems to prevent overheating, overcharging, and other potential hazards. This will give drivers peace of mind knowing that their electric vehicles are not only environmentally friendly but also safe to use.

4. Integration with Renewable Energy Sources: As the world moves towards sustainable energy solutions, automotive batteries will play a crucial role in storing and utilizing energy from renewable sources such as solar and wind. This integration will not only reduce the carbon footprint of electric vehicles but also help make them more self-sufficient and eco-friendlier.

5. Lightweight and Compact Designs: Advancements in battery materials and manufacturing processes will lead to lighter and more compact battery designs in the future. This will not only improve the overall performance of electric vehicles but also make them more efficient and easier to produce on a large scale.
The future of automotive battery technology is bright, with advancements in energy density, charging speed, safety features, integration with renewable energy sources, and lightweight designs. Electric vehicles are set to become even more practical, convenient, and environmentally friendly in the years to come.

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By: Giusy Gambino, Sebastiano Grasso, and Filippo Scrimizzi STMicroelectronics

Integrated smart power devices are becoming increasingly crucial in automotive systems due to their ability to combine power management with advanced diagnostic and protection features. When a fault occurs, these features enable the connected control unit to react promptly and effectively, protecting both the vehicle and its occupants. Smart power devices are often responsible for critical tasks within a vehicle and are gradually replacing conventional components such as fuses and relays, and switches.

Electronic fuses, a prominent type of smart power device, are particularly remarkable for their reliability under harsh environmental conditions, including high operating temperatures and mechanical stress. Additionally, they have to withstand various forms of electromagnetic interference (EMI) that can affect their normal functionality. This is especially crucial in safety-critical applications like airbag control modules or Anti-lock Braking Systems (ABS), where precise operation is vital to avoid hazardous conditions and ensure functional safety.

Testing Procedure for EMI

To ensure the correct operation of electronic products, they need to be tested for electromagnetic emissions that may negatively affect nearby equipment. These emissions fall into two categories:

• Conducted noise, which travels through supply or data/control cables.
• Radiated noise, which propagates through free space.

CISPR 25 is the standard developed for vehicles and boats to protect on-board receivers from such emissions. It outlines both limits and methods of measurement for equipment on board.

Conducted emission limits typically cover a frequency range of 150 kHz to 200 MHz, although this range may extend down to 9 kHz. The limits are defined in terms of average, quasi-peak and peak values.

Peak detection retains the peak value of each harmonic in an emitted signal, indicating the worst-case scenario. Average detection provides the average amplitude of each signal component across its period. Quasi-peak detection weighs each component based on its repetition rate: the faster the repetition rate, the higher the weight given to that component.

The output response of the three detectors to two similar pulsed signals is shown in with the top one having a higher repetition rate.

Output response of average, peak and quasi-peak detectors.

The above picture shows that the quasi-peak detector has a higher voltage output when the event occurs more frequently.

To determine the conformance of the Equipment Under Test (EUT) with the specified CISPR 25 limits, the following guidelines should be followed (Fig. 2).

Guidelines for conformance to CISPR 25 limits.

In all cases, the EUT should conform to the average limit. For frequencies where both peak and quasi-peak limits are defined, the EUT should conform to either the peak or the quasi-peak limits, as specified in the test plan. For frequencies where only peak limits are defined, the EUT must conform to the peak limit.

For CISPR 25, emission limits are divided into Class 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 products, specifying how to measure the noise using peak, quasi-peak, and average detection methods (Tabs. 1 and 2).

Service/Band	Frequency MHz	Levels in dB (µV)
		Class 1	Class 2	Class 3	Class 4	Class 5
		Peak	Peak	Peak	Peak	Peak
BROADCAST
LW	0.15 – 0.30	110	100	90	80	70
MW	0.53 – 1.8	86	78	70	62	54
SW	5.9 – 6.2	77	71	65	59	53
FM	76 – 108	62	56	50	44	38
TV Band I	41 – 88	58	52	46	40	34
MOBILE SERVICES
CB	26 – 28	68	62	56	50	44
VHF	30 – 54	68	62	56	50	44
VHF	68 – 87	62	56	50	44	38

Tab. 1 Emission limits for the different classes with peak noise detection.

Service/Band	Frequency MHz	Levels in dB (µV)
		Class 1	Class 2	Class 3	Class 4	Class 5
		Average	Average	Average	Average	Average
BROADCAST
LW	0.15 – 0.30	90	80	70	60	50
MW	0.53 – 1.8	66	58	50	42	34
SW	5.9 – 6.2	57	51	45	39	33
FM	76 – 108	42	36	30	24	18
TV Band I	41 – 88	48	42	36	30	24
MOBILE SERVICES
CB	26 – 28	48	42	36	30	24
VHF	30 – 54	48	42	36	30	24
VHF	68 – 87	42	36	30	24	18

Tab. 2 Emission limits for the different classes with average noise detection.

LW stands for Long Waves

MW for Medium Waves

SW for Short Waves

TV Band I for TeleVision broadcast Band 1

CB for Citizens Band

VHF for Very High Frequencies.

The testing procedure ensures that both peak and average measurements are checked for compliance with Class 5 standards. If any measurements fail, the EUT is evaluated against a lower class.

Conducted Electromagnetic Emission

The conducted Electro-Magnetic Emission (EME) is the noise current generated by the EUT that propagates through the harness to other components/systems or power grid. This noise current can be measured using either the voltage method or the current method.

The voltage method is carried out with the measurement setup displayed in Fig. 3.

Fig. 3 Measurement setup for voltage method conducted EME

where:

LISN stands for Line Impedance Stabilization Network.

Experimental Results

The experimental data have been collected for the STi2Fuse product VNF9Q20F, which is a 4-channel monolithic electronic fuse fully programmable through serial peripheral interface (SPI). This device embeds sophisticated digital protection and diagnostic mechanisms, which include a unique i2t feature for harness protection.

The following testing conditions have been considered:

• VBAT = 13 V
• TAMB = Room temperature
• All channel in Fail Safe mode (off)
• Channel 2 driven by direct input with DC (5 V) and PWM (100 Hz, 50% duty cycle) loaded with 27 W + 5 W bulbs.

When channel 2 is turned on and it is driven by direct input with 5 V DC voltage and a PWM signal with 100 Hz frequency and 50% duty cycle, the noise detector measurements for peak and average methods are shown in Fig. 5 and compared with CISPR 25 limit relevant to class 5.

Fig. 5 Comparison between noise measurement with channel 2 turned-on and CISPR25 limit for peak detection (on the left side) and average detection (on the right side).

The electronic fuse VNF9Q20F is able to pass all the limits imposed by CISPR 25 for both peak and average limits in class 5.

Conclusions

The EMI behavior of a smart electronic STi2Fuse device has been investigated, demonstrating compliance with the CISPR 25 standard under class 5 specifications.

The STi2Fuse products are critical components in modern vehicles, providing overcurrent protection and ensuring the safe operation of electrical circuits. Compliance with the CISPR 25 standard, particularly under class 5 specifications, is essential for these devices to ensure they do not interfere with other components and equipment within the vehicle.

References

[1]   VNF9Q20F, 4 channel high-side driver with STi2Fuse protection for automotive power distribution applications.

[2] CISPR 25:2021 International Standard, Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines – Radio disturbance characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of on-board receivers, Edition 5.0, Dec. 2021.

[3] R. Letor, R. Crisafulli, Smart Power devices and new electronic fuses compliant with new E/E architecture for autonomous driving, AEIT International Conference of Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive (AEIT AUTOMOTIVE), 02-04 July 2019

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As artificial intelligence (AI) adoption accelerates, the urgency to protect AI ecosystems grows proportionally. In 2025, the world will witness a concentrated push to address critical concerns surrounding the security of Large Language Models (LLMs) and other advanced AI systems. These efforts will focus on safeguarding data confidentiality, ensuring integrity, and upholding privacy, which are essential to sustaining innovation and trust in AI technologies.

The Rise of AI and Its Risks

AI technologies, particularly LLMs, have revolutionized industries with their ability to process vast amounts of data, generate human-like text, and make intelligent predictions. However, their immense potential also introduces vulnerabilities. Cyber threats targeting AI systems are becoming more sophisticated, with adversaries exploiting weaknesses to steal intellectual property, manipulate outputs, or compromise sensitive data. For instance, adversarial attacks can subtly manipulate input data to mislead AI models, while data poisoning can corrupt training datasets, leading to flawed or biased predictions.

Additionally, as LLMs like ChatGPT or GPT-4 are deployed widely, the potential for misuse grows. These models, if not adequately safeguarded, could be manipulated to generate harmful content, leak proprietary information, or amplify misinformation. Thus, securing AI systems is no longer an afterthought; it is a fundamental requirement for ethical and reliable AI deployment.

Data Confidentiality and Privacy

Data confidentiality is at the heart of AI security. Training LLMs often requires enormous datasets, some of which may include sensitive or proprietary information. Ensuring that this data remains secure and private is a complex but crucial challenge. Robust encryption protocols, federated learning, and differential privacy techniques are emerging as key solutions. These methods enable AI systems to learn from data without exposing individual records, thereby reducing the risk of data breaches.

Federated learning, for example, allows models to train across decentralized devices without transferring data to a central repository. This approach not only enhances privacy but also minimizes attack vectors, as no single point of failure exists. Meanwhile, differential privacy adds statistical noise to datasets, protecting individual data points while preserving the overall utility of the model.

Ensuring Model Integrity

Model integrity is another critical focus area. Attackers may attempt to tamper with the parameters of an AI model to alter its behavior or introduce biases. To counteract this, organizations are turning to techniques like robust model architectures, regular audits, and tamper-evident mechanisms. Blockchain technology, for instance, is being explored to maintain immutable records of model versions, ensuring any unauthorized modifications are detectable.

Furthermore, explainable AI (XAI) is gaining traction as a means to enhance model transparency and trust. By making AI decision-making processes interpretable, XAI can help identify anomalies or unexpected behavior that might indicate tampering or misuse.

A Multi-Stakeholder Approach

Securing AI models requires collaboration across industries, governments, and academia. Policymakers must establish clear guidelines for AI governance and data protection, while researchers and developers work on advancing technical safeguards. Companies deploying AI systems must prioritize regular security assessments and adopt best practices for risk management.

Public awareness also plays a vital role in fostering responsible AI use. Educating users about potential threats and mitigation strategies can help minimize risks associated with AI adoption.

Conclusion

As we move into 2025, securing AI ecosystems will be a defining challenge for the tech industry. By addressing issues of confidentiality, integrity, and privacy, stakeholders can build robust AI systems that not only drive innovation but also inspire trust. The future of AI depends not only on its capabilities but also on the strength of the safeguards we put in place today.

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Delta Electronics India has announced the signing of an MOU with ThunderPlus, a leading two-wheeler (2W) and three-wheeler (3W) electric vehicle (EV) charging solutions provider. Under the aforementioned agreement, Delta will provide advanced high-efficiency 4kW rectifier modules, made at its new large manufacturing site in Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, to support ThunderPlus’ fast chargers for the low voltage market, specifically designed for 2W and 3W EVs.

Mr. Niranjan Nayak, Managing Director, Delta Electronics India, said, “Delta’s corporate mission is ‘To provide innovative, clean, and energy-efficient solutions for a better tomorrow’. Hence, our collaboration with Thunder Plus underscores Delta’s goal to contribute to India’s EV transition by delivering cutting-edge, locally manufactured solutions. Our fast-growing R&D capabilities in Bengaluru and manufacturing in Krishnagiri have been instrumental to this milestone.”

Ms. Manjula Girish, Business Head – EV Charging Infrastructure, Delta Electronics India, “Our 4kW rectifiers are a testament to Delta’s commitment to innovation and sustainability. Engineered with high energy efficiency of up to 93% and manufactured at our state-of-the-art Krishnagiri facility, these rectifiers exemplify the synergy between cutting-edge technology and localized manufacturing. ThunderPlus’ decision to integrate our rectifiers into their EV chargers highlights the trust in Delta’s capability to deliver superior performance and value. This partnership is a significant step toward enabling robust and energy-efficient charging solutions for India’s growing EV ecosystem.”

Mr. Rajeev YSR, CEO – Thunder Plus, highlighted, “This collaboration with Delta Electronics brings world-class technology to India’s low-voltage EV charging market. Our customizable chargers cater to the unique requirements of OEMs and end-users, ensuring efficient and seamless integration with their operations. Together, we are building the foundation for a robust and sustainable EV charging infrastructure in India.”

This endeavor brings together Delta’s technological expertise in power solutions and ThunderPlus’ market leadership in EV charging systems. The chargers, developed with Delta’s advanced 4kW rectifier modules featuring energy efficiency up to 93%, are customizable and designed to meet India’s diverse requirements, making them a game-changer for the local EV market.

India’s EV sector is witnessing unprecedented growth, with the adoption of 2W and 3W EVs driving much of the demand.  This Make in India chargers are tailored to the low-voltage segment under this partnership we aim to reduce charging downtime, alleviate range anxiety, and boost the productivity of EV users.

Thunder Plus, a leading provider of EV charging solutions in India, has already on-boarded OEMs in the 2W and 3W segments. These chargers are equipped with advanced co-branding opportunities, reflecting the synergy between both organizations. The partnership ensures that the chargers are developed to meet global standards while being tailored to the Indian market.

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Digitizers by Spectrum Instrumentation used to detect extremely small and fast nerve signals

For controlling prosthetics, the body’s signals must be detected to move the artificial limb. At the moment, implanting electrodes is the most common technique but this is invasive and electrodes can deteriorate or move position. A completely different approach is now developed by the multidisciplinary consortium QHMI in Stuttgart, Germany, using quantum sensors to detect the incredibly small and fast nerve signals. The ultrasensitive quantum magnetometers will be carried outside the body measuring the neural signals through the skin. At this stage, the scientists are using Spectrum Instrumentation’s ultrafast digitizers (M5i.3357) and Arbitrary Waveform Generators (M4x.6631) to characterize the signals and to finally design the required Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) and Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs).

Pic 2: A test PCB with custom integrated circuits and the quantum sensors

Prof. Dr. Jens Anders of the University of Stuttgart, who is in charge of the project ‘Cluster4Future QSens’ and a leading scientist of the QHMI consortium, explained, “This is one of the first real-world applications for quantum sensor probes as there is no other way to non-invasively detect such tiny magnetic changes that are in the order of 10 to 100 picoTeslas for muscles: that is six orders of magnitude smaller than the Earth’s magnetic field. Our tests show that our sensors are sensitive enough that they can detect neural signals to muscles through the skin. Even a small amount of remaining, say, lower arm muscle can in principle be used for this. We are working on even greater sensitivity for the femtoTesla magnetic changes we need to measure to detect signals within the brain without breaking the skin.”

At the heart of this technology is an optically detected, magnetic resonance (ODMR) device made of a tiny slice of diamond. The diamond is doped with so-called nitrogen-vacancy centers (NV centers), which have a net electron spin and, therefore, behave like tiny bar magnets. When green laser light is shone on them, they produce a red fluorescence signal. By applying a suitable microwave magnetic field, this fluorescence signal is very sensitive to external magnetic fields, which can be used to measure neural signals with utmost precision.

Pic 3: Checking the ASICs on the test PCB with a microscope

The microwave magnetic fields required to control the NV center spins are generated using suitable coils driven by a microwave transmitter. The baseband signals for this transmitter are generated using an Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG) to provide the required phase and amplitude modulation of the carrier signal that make the excitation signal more robust against experimental nonidealities. The resulting fluorescence signals, which carry the information of the neural magnetic fields, is then captured by a photodiode, amplified, filtered and digitized for advanced signal processing.

Spectrum’s cards were chosen by the team for several reasons. First, they have an extremely high dynamic range and good noise performance which is vital for such tiny signals. Second, they are very fast, so they can capture the fast signals associated with advanced pulsed excitation schemes, which can require bandwidth beyond 100 MHz. Third, they offered a great value in terms of performance / price. And lastly, the five-year warranty provides peace of mind that a critical component of the research is good for five years as it is almost impossible to obtain funding to replace a failed piece of equipment.

The digitizer flagship M5i.3357 with 10 GS/s sampling rate and 12 bit resolution and the bestseller AWG M4x.6631 with 1.25 GS/s output rate and 16 bit resolution.

The quantum sensor probes are currently matchbox-sized and, in the future, will be around one cubic centimeter and go to a control box that is roughly the size of a large matchbox that houses the processing electronics and the battery. The aim is to use microelectronic and photonic integration to shrink the control box further and extend the battery life to give a day of use before recharging. It is hoped that prosthetics will start becoming available in three to four years.

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• Multi-year agreement between STMicroelectronics and Renault Group secures Ampere’s supply of Silicon Carbide power modules
• Collaboration on powerbox and cooling systems for the inverter to get the best efficiency for Ampere’s new generation electric motors
• Agreement aligned with Ampere’s strategy of working upstream with its partners to design the best solutions for each one of its EV technologies

Ampere, the intelligent electric EV pure player born from Renault Group and STMicroelectronics, a global semiconductor leader serving customers across the spectrum of electronics applications, has announced the next step in their strategic co-operation, starting in 2026, with a multi-year agreement between STMicroelectronics and Renault Group on the supply of Silicon Carbide (SiC) power modules, as part of their collaboration on a powerbox for the inverter for Ampere’s ultra-efficient electric powertrain.  Ampere and STMicroelectronics worked together on the optimization of the power module, the key element in the powerbox, to get the highest performance and best competitiveness in the e-powertrain, leveraging Ampere’s expertise in EV technology and STMicroelectronics’ expertise in advanced power electronics.

“This agreement is the result of the intensive work carried out with STMicroelectronics. By working upstream together, we were able to optimize and secure the supply of key components for our electric powertrains, to offer high-performance EVs with increased range and optimized charging time. It perfectly aligns with Ampere’s strategy to master the entire value chain of power electronics for its e-powertrain, leveraging STMicroelectronics’ expertise in power modules,” said Philippe Brunet, SVP Powertrain & EV engineering, Ampere.

“ST is at the cutting edge of the development of advanced power electronics enabling the mobility industry to improve the performance of electrified platforms. With the optimization of these higher-efficient products and solutions to meet Ampere’s performance requirements, and our vertically integrated silicon carbide supply chain, we are supporting Ampere’s strategy for its next generation of electric powertrain,” said Michael Anfang, Executive Vice President Sales & Marketing, Europe, Middle East and Africa Region, STMicroelectronics. “ST and Ampere share a common vision for more sustainable mobility and this agreement marks another step forward in improved power performance to further contribute to concrete improvements to carbon emissions reduction by the mobility industry and its supply chain.”

Power modules, composed of numerous silicon carbide chips, manage and convert electrical power from the battery to drive the electric motor. They play a crucial role in the efficiency of the electric powertrain and battery range, as well as energy regeneration features, making them a key element of the efficiency of an electric car. They also contribute to the smoothness and responsiveness of driving.

STMicroelectronics and Ampere have collaborated on a powerbox for the supply of energy to Ampere’s new generation of electric motors. The powerbox is designed for optimum performance-size ratio across Ampere’s line-up, on 400 Volt battery EV vehicles, and for Segment C-EVs with 800 Volt batteries, enabling greater autonomy and faster charging. 800 Volts is one of the key levers to achieve the 10%-80% quick charge in 15 minutes or less. This agreement is fully aligned with Ampere’s strategy to master the entire value chain of the electric vehicle, particularly by working further upstream with its partners and ensuring the best efficiency at each step.

As an integrated device manufacturer (IDM), STMicroelectronics ensures quality and security of supply to serve carmakers’ strategies for electrification. The collaboration with Ampere on the silicon carbide power modules and powerbox demonstrates STMicroelectronics’ leadership and system-level experience of advanced power electronics, including its packaging expertise.

Additional Technical Information
The powerbox combines three SiC-based power modules, an excitation module, which provides the necessary electrical excitation to the motor or generator for controlling the magnetic field within the motor, and a cooling baseplate designed to dissipate heat from the back side of the power module, simplifying the thermal management and cooling process.

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Designed for next-gen smart wearables, wireless headsets, medical devices, and IoT applications

Littelfuse, Inc., a global leader in industrial technology solutions for a sustainable, connected, and safer world, has announced the expansion of its NanoT tactile switch product line. The series, featuring miniature, surface-mounted, waterproof tactile switches, now includes new operational force options and top- and side-actuated models, further enhancing its application in next-generation smart wearables, wireless headsets, portable medical devices, and IoT systems.

Design engineers require ever-smaller switch interfaces as the market demand for smaller, high-performance electronics grows—driven by innovations in healthcare, wearables, and battery-powered IoT devices. The expanded NanoT series is the smallest tactile switch solution on the market, providing design flexibility for engineers to integrate additional functionality or reduce printed circuit board (PCB) size. View the video.

Ideal applications Include:

• Smart wearables
• Health monitoring devices
• Hearing aids
• Wireless headsets
• Portable IoT devices

“The NanoT switch combines space efficiency with high reliability, featuring short actuation travel, IP67-rated durability, and a wide operating temperature range from -40°C to 85°C,” said Junbao Chen, Design Centre Manager, Electronics Business Unit at Littelfuse. “Its ultra-compact size and ease of PCB/FPC integration make it ideal for confined spaces, while the haptic feedback ensures a satisfying user experience, optimizing designs and improving product quality.”

Key Benefits of the NanoT Series:

• Space-saving design: Ultra-compact size allows designers to incorporate more functionality or reduce PCB size.
  • Side-actuated model (2.2 x 1.70 x 1.65 mm) saves 35% space.
  • Top-actuated model (2.1 x 1.65 x 0.55 mm) saves 20% space.
• Customizable actuation forces: Available in 100, 160, and 240 gf options, catering to different application needs.
  • 100 gf: Ideal for high-frequency use, reducing user fatigue.
  • 160 gf: Balanced tactile feedback for general applications.
  • 240 gf: Firm activation
• Mounting options: PIP or SMT edge-mount versions offer superior resistance to shock and shear, extending equipment life and reducing the need for extra protective layers.
• Durability: Life cycles ranging from 200K to 300K ensure long-term reliability and reduce maintenance costs.
• IP67 rating: Dust-tight and waterproof, ensuring reliability in challenging environments.

The expanded NanoT switch series delivers the performance, durability, and compact design required for today’s cutting-edge electronics.

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ST has introduced an IO-Link reference design for industrial beacons and home-appliance alarms, delivered ready-to-use as a fully built board complete with protocol stack and application software.

The EVLIOL4LSV1 board leverages ST’s L6364Q dual-channel IO-Link transceiver to handle communications and the IPS4260L intelligent low-side power switch for driving the indicator lights. The board can be directly connected to signaling systems such as smart tower lights used in factory automation, funnel material alarms for quantity-remaining or urgency-level awareness, and other system warnings. It also provides a fast way to test the IPS4260L and L6364Q ICs and has a 4-pin M12 connector for an IO-LINK master and a 5-pin SWD connector for programming.

An STM32G071CB microcontroller, which hosts the ST proprietary IO-Link demo stack and the application software, handles system control and diagnostics, communicating with the transceiver and low-side switch.

The L6364Q transceiver is fully protected and supports standardized IO-Link communication speeds including 38.4kbit/s COM2 and 230.4kbit/s COM3. The transceiver can operate in single or multibyte mode, as well as in transparent mode delegating control of IO-Link communications to the microcontroller by a simple URT interface. The in-built protection ensures EMC immunity up to 2.5kVpk surge pulse/500Ω coupling without additional protection elements.

The IPS4260L low-side driver has four outputs for driving loads with one side connected to supply voltage, each individually controlled by a signal such as a digital microcontroller output. It has a wide operating-voltage range, from 8V to 50V, and the current for each output can be independently programmed from 0.5A to 3.0A. The IC integrates overload and overtemperature protection for each channel and provides open-load, overload, and overtemperature diagnostic signals to aid system management and enhance reliability. The reference design also features ST’s SMBJ30CA TVS (transient-voltage suppression) diode to withstand surge pulses with 2Ω coupling on the supply rail.

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A motion controller with even more possibilities: With the new MC 3602 B and MC 3606 B motion controllers, the selection and commissioning of drive systems is now even simpler. With the compact MC 3602/06 B, DC-motors, brushless DC-motors and linear motors can be operated with the typical position encoders as servo drive in accordance with CiA 402. Also new is the support of stepper motors with encoder as servo or without encoder in open-loop operation. The products “speak” EtherCAT, CANopen, RS232 and USB.

The new MC 3602 B variant is equipped with up to 2 A continuous output current for smaller motors and the MC 3606 B variant has up to 6 A continuous output current for medium-sized motors which simplifies work for engineers. For applications in which more than one motor technology is used, just one motor controller and a GUI are needed. The free FAULHABER “Motion Manager 7” software is available for installation and commissioning. With this, the drive is running in just a few steps. All main operating modes of the CiA 402 servo drive are offered. Integration is performed via CANopen or RS232, and for commissioning, primarily the USB interface is used. Additionally, an optional EtherCAT module enables cycle times as short as 1 ms. In conclusion, the motion controllers can also be operated without central control in stand-alone mode.

Everything from a single source

In combination with FAULHABER motors, the MC 3602 B and MC 3606 B deliver a sophisticated drive system with extensive protective functions. The products were developed for the operation of motors with ironless winding and offer high dynamics here. Standard motors – such as NEMA stepper motors – can likewise easily be operated with the MC 3602/06 B. They thereby represent a solid basis for a range of applications. Regardless of whether the application uses a stepper motor in open-loop or closed-loop operation, or in combination with brushless, linear or DC servomotors, the MC 3602/06 B provides a solution for nearly every requirement – in industrial automation or in laboratory automation, robotics, semiconductor processing or in use with measurement systems.

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NEOTech, a leading provider of electronic manufacturing services (EMS), design engineering, and supply chain solutions in the high-tech industrial, medical device, and aerospace/defense markets, proudly announces a major advancement in its wire bond pull testing process, reducing manufacturing cycle time by more than 60% while maintaining industry-leading production yields of over 99.99%. This improvement reflects NEOTech’s commitment to continuous process enhancement and operational excellence.

The wire bond pull test is a critical method used to assess the quality and integrity of wire bonds in microelectronics. Leveraging extensive historical data and its exceptional process yield rate, NEOTech’s manufacturing engineers developed a robust random sampling methodology that ensures testing efficiency without compromising quality. The new sampling plan has dramatically reduced average testing time from 2.5 hours per assembly to approximately 1 hour per assembly.

This innovative process is fully compliant with the stringent requirements of MIL-PRF-38534 and MIL-STD-883, ensuring that NEOTech meets the highest quality and reliability standards. The process has been implemented on mission-critical, high-frequency RF assemblies — products recognized in the industry as highly complex and challenging to manufacture. NEOTech’s success in achieving these advancements demonstrates its expertise in addressing the rigorous demands of such sophisticated microelectronics applications.

“Achieving greater than 99.99% production yields is a remarkable milestone,” said Daniel De Haro, General Manager of the NEOTech Chatsworth site. “But our team didn’t stop there. They went above and beyond to implement innovative sampling techniques and streamline testing processes to significantly improve production cycle times. I’m incredibly proud of our engineers, technicians, and manufacturing teams for their dedication to excellence and their commitment to setting new benchmarks in microelectronics manufacturing.”

The transition to a sample-based testing methodology was supported by enhanced data collection and analysis, as well as the development of comprehensive training procedures. These efforts ensured that the NEOTech team could maintain its exceptional yield rates while increasing throughput and efficiency for its customers’ microelectronics circuit assemblies.

At the core of NEOTech’s success is its customer-centric approach. Offering a comprehensive suite of services — from design and prototyping to full-scale production and post-production support — NEOTech tailors its solutions to meet each customer’s specific needs. The company’s ability to provide personalized solutions, while also reducing time-to-market and optimizing costs, has earned it a strong reputation for delivering exceptional value.

With more than 40 years of heritage in electronics manufacturing, NEOTech specializes in high-reliability programs in the aerospace/defense industry, medical products, and high-tech industrial markets. NEOTech is well recognized as a premier EMS provider with in-depth experience manufacturing high-tech products and managing stringent US government requirements. For more information about NEOTech’s Microelectronics manufacturing capabilities, please visit www.NEOTech.com/microelectronics.

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Modern, decentralized, and zonal power distribution architectures require dependable solutions. With PROFET Wire Guard, Infineon Technologies AG provides developers with advanced wire protection for modern power distribution. Compared to conventional fuses, the product family can emulate the stress characteristics of the wires much more accurately with an integrated and precise I²t wire protection curve, which can be selected from six implemented curves depending on the application requirements. Combined with other features, the integrated I²t wire protection accuracy enables wire harness optimization when replacing mechanical relays and fuses.

The five PROFET Wire Guard devices come in the proven TSDSO-14 and TSDSO-24 packages. They offer full pin-to-pin compatibility within the family and high compatibility with PROFET +2 12V devices and are targeting currents of up to 27 A. To expand the current capabilities up to 36A, the product line-up will be further extended with an additional device coming in Q4 2025. The devices have a capacitive load switching (CLS) mode implemented to charge capacitive loads. An adjustable overcurrent detection threshold supports fast fault isolation from the power supply. The integrated automatic idle mode reduces current consumption during parking to typically 50 µA, while the output stage remains fully switched on. Built-in sequential diagnosis provides accurate application data across five addresses on a single pin, enabling application integrity testing for functional safety requirements and further wire harness optimization during facelifts based on the analysis of the wire protection status during vehicle operation. The devices have been developed and are released as ISO 26262:2018 Safety Element out of context for safety requirements up to ASIL D.

To support the design-in process, the product family is integrated into the Infineon Automotive Power Explorer, which is available in the Infineon Developer Center. This simulation tool supports, for example, the evaluation of the system protection capability of PROFET Wire Guard devices with a given wire and load profile. It also calculates the correct resistance values for the adjustable overcurrent detection threshold as well as the selection of the integrated I²t wire protection curves. The tool is also capable to calculate parameters like kILIS accuracy or power dissipation for the whole product family.

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New SXV, SXE, and SVPG series deliver superior durability, low ESR, high ripple current, and increased capacitance, setting a new standard for industrial power supply applications.

Panasonic Industry Europe announces the expansion of its renowned OS-CON aluminum polymer solid capacitors, introducing the latest members of the product lineup: the SXV, SXE, and SVPG series. These new capacitor families are designed for surface mount and radial lead applications, offering remarkable performance improvements that meet the evolving needs of industrial applications.

SXV and SXE Series: Enhanced Performance for High-Density Mounting

The OS-CON SXV (surface mount type) and SXE (radial lead type) series capacitors are engineered to deliver superior durability and efficiency, featuring remarkable equivalent series resistance (ESR) even at low temperatures. Both series boast a high-temperature endurance of 1,000 hours at 125°C and operate within a wide voltage range of 63V to 100V. With enhancements to the aluminum foil, these capacitors offer a capacitance increase of up to 20% compared to competitors in the conductive polymer aluminum solid capacitor category. This advancement enables improved functionality and miniaturization, making them ideal for high-density mounting in power supplies, solar inverters, measuring machines, servers, and base stations.

SVPG Series: Reliability and Low ESR for High Ripple Current Applications

Complementing the SXV and SXE series, the OS-CON SVPG series introduces a line extension available in 20V and 25V ratings, designed for long life with an endurance of 5,000 hours at 105°C. With the extended voltage range, it is an ideal capacitor for smoothing 12-15V power lines that require high ripple current. The SVPG series is specifically formulated to provide low ESR and high ripple current handling, achieving an average ripple current increase of 1.37 times compared to competitors. This makes the SVPG series an excellent choice for power supply circuits that require reliability under high ripple conditions.

The SVPG series is suitable for a variety of demanding applications, including industrial power supplies, AI accelerators, industrial automation, and data centers.

All new capacitors in the OS-CON lineup are halogen-free and RoHS compliant, ensuring they meet the highest standards for safety and environmental responsibility.

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• Companies aim at developing powerful ion traps for Quantinuum’s future generations of quantum computers.
• Infineon provides expertise in process development, fabrication, and quantum processing unit (QPU) technology
• Partnership to drive progress in fields such as generative chemistry, material science, and artificial intelligence.

Infineon Technologies AG, a global leader in semiconductor solutions, and Quantinuum, a global leader in integrated, full-stack quantum computing, have announced a strategic partnership to develop the future generation of ion traps. This partnership will drive the acceleration of quantum computing and enable progress in fields such as generative chemistry, material science, and artificial intelligence.

“We are thrilled to partner with Quantinuum, a leader in quantum computing, to push the boundaries of quantum computing and generate larger, more powerful machines that solve meaningful real-life problems,” said Richard Kuncic, Senior Vice President and General Manager Power Systems at Infineon Technologies. “This collaboration brings together Infineon’s state-of-the-art knowledge in process development, fabrication, and quantum processing unit (QPU) technology with Quantinuum’s cutting-edge ion-trap design expertise and experience with operating high-performance commercial quantum computers.”

Infineon innovates with a dedicated team to make their trapped-ion quantum processing units (QPUs) the heart of the leading quantum computers. The company has invested in this field since 2017, applying its expertise in high-volume processing technologies and developing technologies, like integrated photonics and control electronics, to enable their partners to scale the qubit count of their machines.

In Quantinuum’s hardware approach, charged atoms are trapped with electromagnetic fields so they can be manipulated and encoded with information using microwave signals and lasers. This design has distinct advantages over other quantum hardware, including higher fidelities and longer coherence times.

This collaboration builds on today’s leading performance of Quantinuum’s trapped-ion quantum computers, which currently hold the world records in key performance benchmarks such as 2-qubit gate fidelity, quantum volume and cross-entropy benchmark fidelity. To deliver even better fidelity at greater scale and achieve commercial advantage, larger and more sophisticated ion traps are needed. Engineers from the two companies have been working together for more than a year and will intensify their efforts under the current partnership to develop powerful ion traps for Quantinuum’s next-generation quantum computers.

“At Quantinuum, our mission is to accelerate useful quantum computing. We have announced a roadmap to reach universal fault-tolerance in 2029. Our partnership with Infineon is key to our delivering on this commitment,“ said Dr. Rajeeb Hazra, President and CEO of Quantinuum.

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Texas Instruments (TI) has announced its India Automotive Seminar 2024, where automotive designers will learn about the latest innovations and emerging automotive trends. At the seminar, taking place on November 19 in Pune and November 22 in Bangalore, attendees will meet with TI experts in sessions on how to use TI’s innovative technology to address critical areas in automotive applications, such as battery management system (BMS), car access and infotainment.

“To address ever-evolving challenges, automakers are looking to semiconductor advancements from reliable suppliers,” said Elizabeth Jansen, sales director, Texas Instruments India. “In areas such as intelligent EV powertrains and software-defined vehicles, the insights and technologies at TI’s India Automotive Seminar will help drive automotive forward alongside automakers. We’re building reliable, cost-efficient, and intelligent technologies that are at the core of safer and smarter vehicles.”

In addition to educational sessions, attendees will see live demonstrations of TI’s analog and embedded processing portfolio and design resources enabling hybrid and electric powertrain systems, body electronics and lighting solutions, and infotainment and cluster solutions.

Demonstrations at India Automotive Seminar 2024

• Vehicle electrification: For manufacturers who are developing smarter, safer electric vehicle (EV) systems, TI will showcase devices that help meet functional safety standards in BMS and smarter EV powertrains.

o   48V BMS reference design: Advanced BMS helps overcome some of the most critical barriers to widespread adoption: driving range, safety, performance, reliability, and cost.

o   Traction inverter 5KW: Advances in traction inverters, enabled by TI’s microcontrollers with real-time control capabilities and isolated gate drivers, are pushing expectations of EV performance even further. Better switching speeds lead directly to improvements in reliability, performance, weight, and power density.

o   New TI programmable logic device portfolio: Programmable logic devices can integrate up to 40 combinational and sequential logic and analog functions into one chip, reducing board size as much as 94% — and lowering system costs — compared to discrete logic implementations.

• Body electronics and lighting: TI’s products address common challenges such as load driving, condition diagnostics, and fault detection and optimize automotive light-emitting diode (LED) lighting systems. Designers can use TI reference designs to quickly develop door locks; window lifts; seat heaters; heating, ventilation and air conditioning lamps; and more.

o   Radar kick-to-open demo: Demonstration of TI mmWave radar sensors which enable automakers to integrate more sensing into any level of vehicle, helping to make automobiles safer.

o   OPT4001-Q1 light-to-digital sensor: Designed for systems that require light-level detection to enhance user experience, this sensor often can be used to replace low-accuracy photodiodes, photoresistors and other ambient light sensors to improve human eye matching and near-infrared rejection.

• Infotainment and cluster: TI’s broad analog and embedded processing portfolio enables applications such as car audio, navigation systems, power supplies, as well as in-car and personal entertainment.

o   Bulk acoustic wave (BAW) oscillators: The industry’s first BAW-based fixed-frequency oscillator offers jitter performance lower than 100fs, stability across 10 years of aging and vibration, and low current consumption in industry-standard packages.

o   Dynamic ground projection with DLP® technology: Enable dynamic content to be displayed anywhere around the vehicle with DLP3021-Q1 and DLP2021-Q1 digital micromirror devices. These DLP products are automotive-qualified, compact and reprogrammable, enabling a system that can display an infinite number of full-color images and videos for vehicle personalization, customization and styling.

o   Ultrasonic lens cleaning: TI’s ultrasonic lens cleaning chipset automatically detects when there is an obstruction on the lens and activates a cleaning cycle to remove contaminants — reducing the need for human intervention and maintenance, even in complex integrated systems.

o   Digital cluster: The entry-level automotive-grade AM62 Arm®-based processors address automotive applications like driver monitoring systems and entry-level digital clusters.

o   Front Camera: AM62 processors are built for a set of cost-sensitive automotive applications including driver and in-cabin monitoring systems, and the next generation of eMirror systems.

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