Microelectronics world news

OIF hosting multi-vendor interoperability demos and expert panels at OFC

Semiconductor today - Mon, 03/11/2024 - 14:36
The Optical Internetworking Forum (OIF) says that its record-breaking, multi-vendor interoperability demonstrations at the Optical Fiber Communication Conference & Exposition (OFC 2024) in San Diego, CA, USA (24–28 March) will spotlight interoperable solutions in 800ZR, 400ZR and OpenZR+ optics; Energy Efficient Interfaces (EEI) & Co-Packaging; 112G and 224G Common Electrical I/O (CEI); and Common Management Interface Specification (CMIS) implementations...

Panasonic Industry collaborates with multi-utility Hera Group to expand innovative NexMeter technology

ELE Times - Mon, 03/11/2024 - 13:47

The strengthened collaboration between Hera Group and Panasonic Industry aims to improve safety and sustainability with NexMeter technology for Italian and European utilities.

The Italian-based Hera Group and Panasonic Industry Europe announce the renewal of our longstanding collaboration. This entails a new commercial agreement designed to extend the reach of the innovative NexMeter meter within the Italian gas distribution market. The NexMeter, initially launched in 2019 as a smart gas meter 4.0, has evolved over time, incorporating advanced safety features and, since 2021, utilizing recycled plastic components.

Boasting compatibility with green gas mixtures like hydrogen and biomethane, NexMeter has already garnered interest from several utilities, with potential future partnerships on the horizon. The collaboration with Hera and Panasonic Industry aims to enhance NexMeter’s capabilities, surpassing national standards and offering Italian operators a meter that not only prioritizes safety and sustainability but also enhances efficiency, reduces costs, and contributes to the decarbonization goals of the sector.

“We are thrilled to embark on this transformative journey with one of the largest Italian multiutilities in Italy,” said Johannes Spatz, President of Panasonic Industry Europe. “This partnership represents not only a collaboration to provide our Japanese-developed know-how and technology, enhancing safety in gas installations across Italy and Europe, but also marks a significant step in our commitment to innovation. The agreement with Hera Group opens new avenues for introducing NexMeter to other utility providers, revolutionizing gas distribution infrastructure with advanced metering technology. For the Panasonic Industry, this collaboration is the beginning of new developments, extending NexMeter’s performance to new functionalities, aiming to be a technological reference for the future’s second generation of smart gas meters. Our strong ambition is to position ourselves as a key partner in the Italian and European markets, providing cutting-edge solutions for gas distribution and integrating advanced technology with an IoT software platform for continuous field monitoring. This partnership with Hera Group also offers the prospect of joint initiatives and projects, aligning with our shared objectives in environmental sustainability, carbon dioxide emissions reduction, and the principles of the circular economy, all integral components of Panasonic’s GREEN IMPACT plan.”

The post Panasonic Industry collaborates with multi-utility Hera Group to expand innovative NexMeter technology appeared first on ELE Times.

Light + Building 2024: Fulminant innovation show provides a stage for sustainability and efficiency in buildings

ELE Times - Mon, 03/11/2024 - 11:04

Frankfurt am Main, 08 March 2024. The modern building is intelligent, connected and as a result saves energy. In combination with alternative energy sources and efficient lighting solutions, emissions in the building sector can be drastically reduced. This makes a significant contribution to achieving climate targets. 2,169 exhibitors presented the latest developments in building technology and trends in innovative lighting design at Light + Building in Frankfurt am Main from 3 to 8 March 2024. Over 151,000 visitors travelled to the world’s leading trade fair for lighting and building-services technology.

“The atmosphere at the exhibitors’ booths, in the halls and throughout the exhibition grounds was simply fantastic. We are extremely pleased that so many exhibitors and visitors, as well as our long-standing partners, have continued the success story of the world’s leading trade fair for lighting and building-services technology in 2024,” summarises Wolfgang Marzin, President and Chief Executive Officer of Messe Frankfurt. He adds: “With the switch to renewable energy sources, greater efficiency and sustainability in buildings, the industry has key goals on its agenda. That’s why they used the platform intensively, especially in the first few days, to present and discover innovations and drive forward key topics. After all, if we want to achieve the climate protection goals, the building sector is an essential milestone. It is unfortunate that the rail and air transport strikes have already affected Messe Frankfurt’s third leading international event since the beginning of the year.”

Buildings of tomorrow and inspiring lighting solutions

Key topics are the electrification and digitalisation of homes and buildings in order to reduce emissions and reuse raw materials. At Light + Building, the industry presented the digital and electrotechnical infrastructure for this and, on this basis, showcased solutions for dynamic power control, energy storage systems and applications for connected security. One growing area is the range of e-mobility and charging infrastructure as well as innovations and products for decentralised energy supply systems and components.

Light plays an important role in the architecture of tomorrow. At Light + Building 2024, 65 per cent of exhibitors belonged to this sector. They presented high-quality lighting solutions for indoor and outdoor areas as well as dynamic room concepts. Modern LED installations ensure contemporary efficiency and either blend harmoniously into the architecture or emphasise the design elements. Lighting is to provide maximum visual comfort in all living and working environments. Thanks to the materials used, Acoustic Lighting combines a pleasant lighting atmosphere with sound-absorbing functions. Sustainability plays an essential role in both the materials used and the manufacturing processes. Many manufacturers design luminaires in a way that the raw materials used can be recycled at the end of their useful life.

Light + Building 2024 in figures

The high-quality, extensive and international portfolio of lighting and building-services technology impressed the visitors. 95 per cent of them were extremely satisfied with what was on display and stated that they had achieved 93 per cent of their trade fair attendance targets. The most came to the innovation meeting point from Germany, China, Italy, the Netherlands, France, Switzerland, Belgium, Austria, the UK, Spain and Poland. They came from a total of 146 countries – including, for example, India, the USA, the United Arab Emirates, Australia, Brazil and Singapore. The degree of internationality was thus 51 per cent. The level of internationality among the 2,169 exhibitors was also high at 76 per cent.

Meeting place for the social media community

The social media community also found its home at Light + Building. On 3 and 4 March, the leading content creators in the lighting and building-services technology sector gathered for the Power Creator Days. In addition to live podcasts, expert talks and case studies, visitors had the chance to pedal for a good cause and work together towards a high energy target. A total of 1,510 minutes were cycled on the six fitness bikes. The sponsors will convert the result into a cash donation for the Leberecht Foundation, which Messe Frankfurt will double. The exact amount will be announced on social media further to Light + Building.

The next Light + Building will take place from 8 to 13 March 2026 in Frankfurt am Main.

www.light-building.messefrankfurt.com

Voices from the industry Alexander Neuhäuser, General Manager ZVEH (Central Association of the German Electrical and Information Technology Trades)

“Light + Building demonstrates how sector coupling can succeed through the necessary connectivity. The electrical trades integrate photovoltaics, storage, electromobility and heat pumps. They show how the energy industry requirements for controllable consumption devices (SteuVE) can be met and thus take account of the current transformation process. The good atmosphere at this year’s Light + Building 2024 was also noticeable at the joint stand of the electrical trades, which was very busy on all days of the event. The traditional partners’ evening was also a complete success, bringing together the partners of the electrical trades and the industry leaders. We were particularly pleased that so many young people once again took the opportunity to visit the E-House and the workshop street and gain an impression of what is feasible with smart and intelligently connected building automation.”

Wolfgang Weber, CEO, ZVEI (Electro and Digital Industry Association):

In the context of climate goals and the economic situation of urgently creating more affordable living space in Germany, technologies are increasingly coming into focus. The exhibiting companies at Light + Building have impressively demonstrated how easily well-designed climate protection can even lead to greater economic efficiency in the operation of houses, buildings and entire neighbourhoods. This requires the right solutions, especially from the electrical and digital industry, such as heat pumps, controllable lighting, charging points and an energy management system. This is relevant – not just in Germany and Europe, but worldwide. Light + Building is the right place to present innovative, climate-friendly technologies and solutions and to engage in dialogue with trade visitors from Germany and abroad.”

The post Light + Building 2024: Fulminant innovation show provides a stage for sustainability and efficiency in buildings appeared first on ELE Times.

Marvell’s Nagarajan to receive Optica’s 2024 David Richardson Medal

Semiconductor today - Mon, 03/11/2024 - 10:57
Optica (formerly the Optical Society of America, OSA) says that Dr Radhakrishnan Nagarajan has been selected as the 2024 recipient of the David Richardson Medal. Nagarajan is honored for the successful manufacturing and commercialization of indium phosphide (InP)- and silicon (Si)-based photonic integrated circuits for use as optical interconnects with a wide range of applications. Described as an insightful engineer and outstanding innovator and mentor, Nagarajan’s ability to move from concept to commercialization and deployment continues to have a profound impact on our industry, says Optica...

Tokyo Institute of Technology’s Kenichi Iga awarded Optica’s Frederic Ives Medal/Jarus W. Quinn Prize

Semiconductor today - Mon, 03/11/2024 - 10:45
Optica (formerly the Optical Society of America, OSA) has named Kenichi Iga, Professor Emeritus and former president of Tokyo Institute of Technology, as recipient of the 2024 Frederic Ives Medal/Jarus W. Quinn Prize for his “pioneering contributions and visionary leadership in the field of semiconductor lasers and optoelectronics and a dedication to training and educating future generations”...

Hon’ble Union Cabinet Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw commissions ‘India Validation Center’ at Applied Materials India, Bangalore

ELE Times - Mon, 03/11/2024 - 07:51

The Center will enable early pilots, talent, and capability development for the upcoming India Collaborative Engineering Center

Applied Materials has announced the commissioning of the ‘India Validation Center’ (IVC) at Applied Materials India, Bangalore by the Hon’ble Union Cabinet Minister for Railways, Communications, Electronics & Information Technology, Govt. of India, Shri Ashwini Vaishnaw. The Center marks the next step in the company’s journey of enabling the semiconductor ecosystem in India.

Built with the highest safety standards, the Center enables early pilots, talent, and capability development for the upcoming India Collaborative Engineering Center including validation, process engineering, lab management, and collaboration with academia and suppliers. It adds new capabilities to enable end-to-end design, characterization, and qualification of semiconductor equipment. In this lab, Applied Materials demonstrated the capability to process 300-mm wafers in IVC; a first for private industry in India.

“Under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, India’s semiconductor ecosystem has achieved significant growth over the past few years,” said Hon’ble Union Cabinet Minister, Ashwini Vaishnaw. He added “The envisaged semiconductor ecosystem is going to play a huge part in making India a developed nation. The India Validation Center is a testament to the dedication and effectiveness of our approach to build India’s resiliency in chip manufacturing and Applied Materials has been a trusted partner in enabling the Indian Semiconductor dream. Almost every consumer tech product that runs on a chip today has Applied Materials engineering imprinted in them. This Center will further help develop manufacturing capabilities in the sector and exemplify the trust that global companies have placed in India.”

“We believe this is India’s time to shine, and Applied Materials’ India Validation Center is one of the many milestones in our innovation journey,” said Dr. Prabu Raja, President of the Semiconductor Products Group at Applied Materials. He added, “We will continue to develop our capabilities in India to support customers and work with supply chain partners to strengthen the local ecosystem and help India’s semiconductor industry succeed.”

“It is an exciting time to be part of the semiconductor value chain in India, and we are committed to developing the country’s semiconductor ecosystem,” said Satheesh Kuppurao, Vice President of Business Development and Country President of Applied Materials India. “The commissioning of our India Validation Center will enable us to coach, train, and demonstrate higher-level applications development work that is needed to support the growing semiconductor ecosystem in India.”

The post Hon’ble Union Cabinet Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw commissions ‘India Validation Center’ at Applied Materials India, Bangalore appeared first on ELE Times.

L99LDLH32 – 32-channel LED driver enabling the technology revolution with digital OLED

ELE Times - Mon, 03/11/2024 - 07:36

Author: Bipin Pande, Technical Marketing Manager, STMicroelectronics Pvt Ltd

STMicroelectronics’ L99LDLH32 linear current regulator delivers a convenient, integrated solution for dynamic automotive lighting controlled using CAN-FD Light protocol. Ideal for use with OLED lamps that provide bright, homogeneous, and high-contrast lighting from a small surface area, the new driver lets designers produce complex light patterns and effects that enhance safety and styling.

Monolithically integrated using ST’s BCD9sL process, the L99LDLH32 is AEC-Q100 qualified. It is available as 7mm x 7mm QFN48 package with wettable flanks and an exposed thermal pad to aid dissipation. With 32 regulated current sources, independently programmable from 1mA to 15mA, the L99LDLH32 can drive individual pixels in external and interior lighting applications. Global dimming is also provided, with 8-bit resolution. While powered at the vehicle battery voltage, the driver produces outputs of up to 35V to cover a wide light emitter forward-voltage spread.

The integrated CAN FD Light protocol handler and transceiver simplify connection to the vehicle’s communication infrastructure and controlling domain ECU (electronic control unit). Based on proven industry standards, CAN FD Light’s synchronized commander/responder communication, conceived for controlling simple devices like lights and sensors, saves costly external components such as timing crystals. On the other hand, the data bandwidth of 1Mbit/s enables designers to create complex animated light patterns and permits smoothly modulated transitions and dimming.

In addition, on-chip non-volatile memory allows programming of parameters such as current level and PWM dimming for stand-alone operation, to provide a failsafe mode to cover malfunctioning of the communication bus or controller. Targeting roles including safety-critical lighting such as taillights, stoplights, and turn indicators, the L99LDLH32 provides features for a high level of functional safety. These include a fault-status pin, voltage and temperature monitors, a programmable timeout watchdog, and short-circuit and open-load detection. In addition, frequency dithering optimizes and minimizes electromagnetic emissions.

L99LDLH32 Eval board provides an easy way to connect L99LDLH32 into existing systems.

Device and Eval boards and ready to order. Please contact local ST sales office for pricing options and sample requests.

The post L99LDLH32 – 32-channel LED driver enabling the technology revolution with digital OLED appeared first on ELE Times.

Comparison of 3 step-down converters to predict EMC issues

EDN Network - Mon, 03/11/2024 - 06:15

Step-down converters’ switch-node voltage waveform defines the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) behavior for automotive CISPR 25 Class 5 measurements. The ringing frequency in the switch-node waveform is an important signal on the EMC receiver, where a higher ringing amplitude on the switch node often causes EMC issues. Understanding the switch-node waveform enables predicting the converter’s EMC characteristics as well as optimizing EMC filter design at an early design stage.

This article compares three automotive step-down converters to provide practical advice on using switch-node waveforms to predict EMC characteristics for automotive CISPR 25 Class 5 measurements. This is helpful to optimize EMC filter design and PCB layout to meet CISPR 25 Class 5 standards.

Switch-node measurements

Switch-node waveforms are used to compare the EMC characteristics among three automotive step-down converters. Figure 1 shows the switch-node measurement on an evaluation board using an active voltage probe.

Figure 1 Use an active voltage probe for the switch-node measurement on the evaluation board. Source: Monolithic Power Systems

The switch-node voltage waveform typically has a rising time and falling time between 700 ps and 2 ns. This requires a minimum oscilloscope bandwidth of about 1 GHz on the voltage probe tip, where the voltage can be measured with an active probe or a passive probe that has the necessary bandwidth.

For both variants, the ground connection to the PCB must be as short as possible to ensure that the measured ringing on the switch node does not include the additional ringing from the long probe ground connection.

Figure 2 shows the correct voltage probe tip position for the switch-node measurement on the evaluation board. Connect the GND tip as close as possible to the IC’s PGND pin and connect the probe input tip as close as possible to the IC’s switch-node pin. Solder the active probe tip with a 0.7-pF input capacitance directly to the component pads via removable gold-plated measuring tips.

Figure 2 Position the probe tip correctly for the switch-node measurement on the evaluation board. Source: Monolithic Power Systems

Histogram and time trend

Figure 3 shows a step-down converter’s switch-node voltage (yellow trace), fSW histogram (pink trace), and time trend (orange trace).

Figure 3 The dual frequency spread spectrum of the MPQ4371-AEC1 includes the switch-node voltage, fSW histogram, and time trend. Source: Monolithic Power Systems

The oscilloscope measures the switch-node voltage for each trigger event across a period of 400 µs and calculates the frequency of each switching cycle. Each calculated frequency is accumulated in the histogram. The total duration of this test is about 10 minutes. For the last trigger event, the measured frequencies are represented as time trend fSW vs. time.

The measured frequencies in Figure 3 verify the fSW vs. time relationship from the MPQ4371-AEC1 datasheet. The time trend waveform confirms the specified dual frequency spread spectrum modulation frequencies of 15 kHz and 120 kHz. By verifying proper IC operation, these frequencies provide an overview of the expected fSW values for CISPR 25 Class 5 measurements.

Voltage waveform

Step down converter’s switch-node voltage waveform is measured with an active probe. Figure 4 shows the rising and the falling edges of MPQ4371-AEC1, in which both waveforms are overlaid on the oscilloscope by an alternating rising and falling trigger. The rising edge has a rising time of 922 ps and a step response with a 273 MHz resonance frequency and a 3.2 V peak-to-peak voltage.

Figure 4 The switch-node voltage waveform for MPQ4371-AEC1 has rising and falling edges. Source: Monolithic Power Systems

The MPQ4371-AEC1 step-down converter’s Quiet-FET technology enables combining fast slewing edges without excessive ringing. Quiet-FET technology does not significantly degrade efficiency like a snubber or bootstrap resistor (RBST), and instead uses a minimum two-step sequential switching action to turn on the internal MOSFETs.

The resonance frequency is determined by the parasitic hot-loop inductances and capacitances. The equivalent hot-loop series inductances (ESL) are defined by the following:

  • ESL of the 100 nF, 0603-sized MLCC (about 800 pH)
  • ESL of the high-side MOSFET (HS-FET) and low-side MOSFET (LS-FET)
  • ESL of the package lead frame
  • ESL of the PCB traces between the MLCC and IC’s VIN and PGND pins (about 700 pH/mm)

The switch-node waveform can also be predicted using a simulation of the PCB hot-loop network.

Frequency domain

Figure 5 shows a fast Fourier transformation (FFT) of step-down converter’s switch-node waveform. The average fSW of 420 kHz is distributed between 384 kHz and 456 kHz (green markers) and corresponds to the measured histogram from Figure 3. The switch-node resonance frequency at 273 MHz is distributed between 250 MHz and 300 MHz (red markers) due to dual frequency spread spectrum modulation and corresponds to Figure 4.

Figure 5 A fast Fourier transformation is applied to the MPQ4371-AEC1’s switch-node waveform. Source: Monolithic Power Systems

Radiated emissions (RE) antenna for CISPR 25 Class 5

The vertical monopole, biconical, and log periodic antenna measurements in CISPR 25 Class 5 can be analyzed. Figure 6 shows the radiating switching inductance at peak CISPR 25 (blue) and average CISPR 25 (yellow), where the analyzer resolution bandwidth (RBW) = 9 kHz, fSW = 420 kHz, input voltage (VIN) = 13.5 V, output voltage (VOUT) = 3.3 V, and load current (ILOAD) = 2.5 A. The dual FSS modulation is helpful to maintain RE below the limits.

Figure 6 The vertical monopole antenna measurement of MPQ4371-AEC1 passes CISPR 25 Class 5. Source: Monolithic Power Systems

Figure 7 shows the radiating objects (for example, the harness or radiating traces on the PCB) at peak CISPR 25 (blue) and average CISPR 25 (yellow), where RBW = 120 kHz, fSW = 420 kHz, VIN = 13.5 V, VOUT = 3.3 V, and ILOAD = 2.5 A.

Figure 7 The biconical antenna measurement of MPQ4371-AEC1 passes CISPR 25 Class 5. Source: Monolithic Power Systems

Figure 8 shows the switch-node resonance frequencies between 250 MHz and 300 MHz (corresponding to Figure 4 and Figure 5) at peak CISPR 25 (blue) and average CISPR 25 (yellow), where RBW = 120 kHz, fSW = 420 kHz, VIN = 13.5 V, VOUT = 3.3 V, and ILOAD = 2.5 A. There is no RE that exceeds the 250 MHz to 300 MHz resonance frequency range.

Figure 8 The log periodic antenna measurement of the MPQ4371-AEC1 passes CISPR 25 Class 5. Source: Monolithic Power Systems

Figure 9 shows the 1.2 GHz switch-node resonance frequency within RE at peak CISPR 25 (blue), average CISPR 25 (yellow), and the noise level (gray), where RBW = 120 kHz, fSW = 2.2 MHz, VIN = 13.5 V, VOUT = 3.3 V, and ILOAD = 2.5 A.

Figure 9 The log periodic antenna measurement of the MPQ4323M-AEC1 step-down converter passes CISPR 25 Class 5. Source: Monolithic Power Systems

Switch-node waveform for MPQ4323M-AEC1

The MPQ4323M-AEC1’s integrated, 100 nF, hot-loop MLCCs reduce the internal parasitic inductances, which shifts the resonance frequency to higher values and reduces the resonance amplitude. Figure 10 shows an example of a fast slewing, switching converter combined with low internal parasitic inductances. This improves the switch-node waveform and reduces RE.

Figure 10 A fast-slewing switching converter combined with low parasitic inductances improves the switch-node waveform of the MPQ4323M-AEC1 step-down converter. Source: Monolithic Power Systems

Switch-node example on a 2-layer PCB

Figure 11 shows two different step-down converters soldered on the same 2-layer PCB. The left curve shows the MPQ4326-AEC1 with frequency spread spectrum modulation on a 2-layer PCB, with a switch-node resonance at 450 MHz. The right curve shows a step-down converter in a suboptimal set-up without FSS modulation and a 320 MHz resonance. The two converters are compared on the same PCB and with the same external components.

Figure 11 Two step-down converters are compared in a switch-node example on a 2-layer PCB. Source: Monolithic Power Systems

The step-down converter with the suboptimal set-up indicates undesirable resonance on the rising edge (red arrow), meaning there is a timing difference between the HS-FET and LS-FET. This resonance is caused by using a 2-layer PCB instead of a 4-layer PCB. Compared to a 4-layer PCB, a 2-layer PCB layout has higher parasitic inductances within the hot loop, which increases the resonance amplitude and changes the location of the switch-node resonance.

The increased amplitude is observed with both converters. In addition, the 2-layer PCB does not have the important solid ground layer directly under the top layer, resulting in a larger resonance amplitude and stronger RE.

FFT of step-down converters on a 2-layer PCB

Figure 12 shows the FFT of the switch-node voltage waveforms for the MPQ4326-AEC1 (with FSS modulation) and step-down converter with the suboptimal set-up (without FSS modulation) from Figure 11.

Figure 12 A fast Fourier transformation is applied to the switch-node voltage waveforms for the MPQ4326-AEC1 (with FSS modulation) and step-down converter with a suboptimal set-up (without FSS modulation). Source: Monolithic Power Systems

MPQ4326-AEC1 uses frequency spread spectrum modulation, while the step-down converter with the suboptimal set-up is set to a constant fSW. Typically, FSS modulation results in lower fundamentals and harmonics. Whether FSS modulation or a constant frequency is more advantageous depends on the requirements of the application. However, FFT shows the differences between the two methods.

MPQ4326-AEC1’s FFT shows the switch-node resonance at 450 MHz, and the step-down converter with the suboptimal set-up shows the switch-node resonance at 320 MHz. These switch-node resonance frequencies can be found in the CISPR 25 Class 5 measurements.

Understand switch-node waveform

This article analyzed the relationship between the switch-node voltage waveform and the frequency domain, using MPQ4323M-AEC1, MPQ4326-AEC1, and MPQ4371-AEC1 automotive step-down converters as examples. Understanding the switch-node waveform enables predicting PCB behavior for CISPR 25 Class 5 measurements. The measured resonance frequency shows up in RE measurements, enabling improved EMC filter design for suppressing the resonance frequency.

Furthermore, it is possible to assess expected frequency range interferences at an early stage by understanding the switch-node waveform. This helps find a suitable step-down converter according to the application specifications, shorten development times, and reduce costs by simplifying component selection for the EMC filter.

Ralf Ohmberger is a staff applications engineer at Monolithic Power Systems (MPS).

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The post Comparison of 3 step-down converters to predict EMC issues appeared first on EDN.

Digital clock no microcontroller

Reddit:Electronics - Mon, 03/11/2024 - 01:58
Digital clock no microcontroller

Using cd4060 with 32.768khz crystal ocsilator to generate 1.000hz if anyone wnats the schematic diagram just leave comment

submitted by /u/DistributionWise9219
[link] [comments]

Lemon energy 🍋⚡

Reddit:Electronics - Mon, 03/11/2024 - 00:49
Lemon energy 🍋⚡

Fun with the children, a small project for this Sunday.

submitted by /u/Nickko_G
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Understanding the 12-Term Error Model and SOLT Calibration Method for VNA Measurements

AAC - Sun, 03/10/2024 - 19:00
The 12-term error model is a simple, effective way of modeling systematic errors in vector network analyzer (VNA) measurements. Learn about this model and an associated error correction technique in this article.

Weekly discussion, complaint, and rant thread

Reddit:Electronics - Sat, 03/09/2024 - 18:00

Open to anything, including discussions, complaints, and rants.

Sub rules do not apply, so don't bother reporting incivility, off-topic, or spam.

Reddit-wide rules do apply.

To see the newest posts, sort the comments by "new" (instead of "best" or "top").

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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Solved: Crown CDi1000 amp - won't power on

Reddit:Electronics - Sat, 03/09/2024 - 16:33

I was looking for a place to put this where it would be sufficiently on-topic. I hope this sub is the place? I have the above named amp. It had been working (and powered up 24x7) for many years. After a 3 hour power outage recently, it would not power on.

Searching online found many folks mentioning C196, a 220uf 35v cap as the likely culprit. Being powered on 24x7 seems to be a factor in failure as well, but then again, the amp is usually a top choice for installed commercial sound.

Seems like the cap is under voltage rated, at least one person measures ~36v across it. I was told to use caps with a voltage rating of about double the actual circuit voltage in order to be safe.

Long story short, I pulled C196, it failed out of circuit testing, so I replaced it with a two-dollar 60v 10% 220uf cap. That was it, amp works and it's back in production.

Just thought I add my experience as this is yet another case of an apparent weak point in the design of an otherwise very nice amp. TY very much.

submitted by /u/Miss_Page_Turner
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Video API for Business: Leveraging Visual Content for Marketing Success

Electronic lovers - Sat, 03/09/2024 - 04:04

The digital landscape is a crowded marketplace overflowing with voices vying for attention. To stand out, you need engaging content that connects with your audience. Enter video – the undisputed king of engagement. Viewers hold on to 95% of the message compared to 10% with text. But harnessing video’s full potential, particularly at scale, can be complex. Here’s where a Video API for Business steps in. It offers a transformative tool to unlock the true magic of video marketing.

Beyond Brick-and-Mortar: The API Advantage

Traditional methods often must improve and provide the agility and efficiency required in today’s digital landscape. Businesses now seek to enhance connectivity and communication through video calling APIs. These cloud-based solutions seamlessly integrate video calling functionalities into existing applications and workflows. Picture conducting personalized virtual consultations tailored to individual client needs. With video calling APIs, businesses can:

Automate video communication: Facilitate personalized video calls at scale, leveraging predefined templates and dynamic data feeds. This streamlines processes, allowing teams to focus on strategic initiatives.

Foster interactive engagements: Incorporate interactive features such as polls, surveys, and calls-to-action within video calls. This enhances participant engagement and encourages desired actions.

Streamline cross-platform integration: Seamlessly integrate video calling capabilities across various platforms and communication channels. Ensure effective communication reaches audiences regardless of their location or preferred medium.

Customize user experiences: Deliver tailored video calling experiences based on participant demographics and preferences. This personalization strengthens connections and builds trust.

Analyze performance metrics: Track key performance indicators of video calls and optimize strategies for maximum impact. Utilize insights to make data-driven decisions and continuously enhance communication effectiveness.

Real-World Impact: Unleashing the Video Powerhouse

The versatility of a Video API for Business transcends industries. It opens doors to diverse marketing applications. Let’s explore a few:

E-commerce: Showcase products and build loyalty with personalized video demos. You can highlight features and benefits that resonate with individual customers. This will drive purchasing decisions and reduce return rates.

Social media: Create buzz-worthy content with dynamic overlays and user-generated video integrations. This can ignite conversations and amplify brand reach.

Education and training: Deliver interactive video tutorials and personalized learning experiences. This can cater to individual learning styles and boost knowledge retention.

Email marketing: Increase email open rates and engagement with personalized video messages. This can grab attention and stand out in crowded inboxes.

Event marketing: Promote events with dynamic video teasers and personalized invitations. This can generate excitement and drive registrations.Finding Your Perfect Match: Choosing the Right Video API for Business

There’s a treasure trove of Video APIs. Selecting the ideal one requires careful consideration. Here are some key factors to weigh:

Functionality Fit: Ensure the API offers the functionalities you need for video calling. This may include high-quality video and audio streaming, seamless integration with existing systems, and comprehensive analytics capabilities to track call performance and user engagement.

User-Friendliness: Look for an API with an intuitive interface and clear documentation. This is a must if it involves non-technical users.

Scalability and Security: Choose an API to handle your current and future video needs. It should have robust security measures to protect your sensitive data.

Seamless Integration: Confirm seamless integration with your existing workflows and marketing platforms. This is to avoid the creation of data silos.

Pricing and Support: Select an API with transparent pricing and reliable customer support. This ensures you get the most value for your investment.

FAQs: Unveiling the Video API Mystery

What are the key benefits of using a Video API for business?

Video APIs offer many benefits. This includes increased efficiency through automation and personalized content creation for deeper engagement. It also improves audience interaction through interactivity and provides valuable data insights.

What types of videos can you create with a Video API?

The possibilities are endless! The best programmable Video API available in the market can empower you to create diverse video content for your marketing needs. This can range from personalized product demos to interactive tutorials and marketing messages.

Do you need coding knowledge to use a Video API?

Many Video APIs offer easy-to-use interfaces and no-code functionalities. It makes them accessible even to non-technical users. Some APIs need basic coding knowledge for advanced customization options.

How much do Video APIs cost?

Pricing varies depending on the API provider, features offered, and video volume. Many offer free trials or tiered pricing plans to cater to different needs and budgets.

Conclusion: Embrace the Video Revolution

Video APIs represent a transformative force in the marketing landscape. By harnessing their power, businesses can unlock the full potential of video content. So, step into the exciting world of video marketing empowered by a Video API for Business. You can see your brand narratives come alive, propelling your business forward. Embrace the video revolution and unlock the true potential of your marketing strategy.

The post Video API for Business: Leveraging Visual Content for Marketing Success appeared first on Electronics Lovers ~ Technology We Love.

5 Electrical Engineering Research Projects Making Their Mark in 2024

AAC - Sat, 03/09/2024 - 02:00
From 3D processors to self-powered sensors, these academic research projects show how "the next big thing" in electronics may emerge from labs worldwide.

Celebrating Semiconductor Pioneer Dr. Esther M. Conwell

AAC - Fri, 03/08/2024 - 20:00
It's Women's History Month, but today is also International Women's Day! To celebrate, today we spotlight Dr. Esther M. Conwell, an early pioneer in silicon and germanium semiconductor physics who developed a theory pivotal to the birth of integrated circuits.

Optica’s Holonyak Award for Boston University’s Ted Moustakas

Semiconductor today - Fri, 03/08/2024 - 19:09
Theodore Moustakas (ECE, MSE, Physics) — Professor Emeritus and Distinguished Professor of Photonics and Optoelectronics at Boston University (BU) — has been awarded the Nick Holonyak Jr Award by Optica (formerly the Optical Society of America, OSA) for his pioneering contributions to nitride semiconductor materials and optical devices that helped build the foundation for efficient blue and ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs)...

Intel Spins Off Altera as Independent FPGA Supplier

AAC - Fri, 03/08/2024 - 16:00
Eight and a half years after acquiring Altera, Intel has spun off the FPGA division as an independent subsidiary.

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