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I was interested to know why a usually 5pin connector plugged to a 5 wires cable had 7 pins. So I took an old connector and opened it up ! I discovered that it was a standard 5 pin connector with 2 unused pins that I labelled "Shield". You can see on picture 4 that when connected to any standard cable, the "shield" pins are just unused and don't connect to anything. Knowing this, It will be quite easier to repair Samsung devices (where I found this kind of connector mostly) : this is almost 100% compatible (except the anchor points) and a standard generic 5 pin microUSB does the same job really well. Maybe less sturdy but still functional. This was a quite nice discovery for me ! I just wanted to share, since I didn't find a lot of talk about 7 pin microUSB connectors on the Internet submitted by /u/FrenchBelgianFries [link] [comments]

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Whether you just received a new oscilloscope or just got access to a revered lab instrument that you are unfamiliar with, there is a learning curve associated with using the instrument. Having run a technical support operation for a major oscilloscope supplier, I know that most technical people don’t read manuals. This article (shorter than the typical user manual) is intended to help those who need to use the instrument right away get the instrument up and running.

The front panel

Oscilloscopes from different manufacturers look different, but they all have many common elements. If the oscilloscope has a front panel, it will have basic controls for vertical, horizontal, and trigger settings like the instrument shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 A typical oscilloscope front panel with controls for vertical, horizontal, and trigger settings. Source: Teledyne LeCroy

Many controls have alternate actions evoked by pushing or, in some cases, pulling the knob. These are generally marked on the panel.

Many oscilloscopes, like this one, use the Windows operating system and can be controlled from the display using a pointing device or a touch screen. Feel free to use any interface that works for you.

Getting a waveform on the screen

It’s crucial to note that digital oscilloscopes retain their last settings. If you’re using the oscilloscope for the first time, it’s a smart practice to recall its default setting. This step ensures you’re starting from a known setting’s state. Some oscilloscopes, like the one used here, have a dedicated button on the front panel; recalling the default setting can also be done using a pulldown menu (Figure 2).

Figure 2 Recalling the default setup of an oscilloscope places the instrument in a known operational state. Source: Arthur Pini

In the example shown, the default setting is recalled from the “Recall Setup” dialog box using the Recall Default button, highlighted in orange.

Auto Setup

Using the oscilloscope’s “Auto Setup” feature to obtain a waveform on the screen from the default state is simple.

As a basic experiment, connect channel 1 of the oscilloscope to the calibration signal on the oscilloscope’s front panel using one of the high-impedance probes included with the oscilloscope. This calibration signal is a low-frequency square wave used to adjust the low-frequency compensation of the probe’s attenuator.

Press the oscilloscope’s Auto Setup button on the front panel or use the Vertical pulldown menu to select Auto Setup (Figure 3).

Figure 3 The “Auto Setup” is either a front-panel push button or a selection on a pulldown menu, as shown here. Source: Arthur Pini

“Auto Setup” in this instrument scans all the input channels in order and configures the instrument based on the first signal it detects. Based on the detected signal(s), the vertical scale (volts/div) and vertical offset are adjusted. The trigger is set to an edge trigger with a trigger level of fifty percent of the amplitude of the first signal found. The horizontal timebase (time/div) is set so that at least ten signal cycles are displayed on the display screen.

Different oscilloscopes handle this function differently. In some, the signal must be connected to channel 1. Other models, like the one shown, will search through all the channels and set up the first signal found. “Auto Setup” in all oscilloscopes should get you to a point where you have a waveform on the screen.

The basic controls—vertical settings

The basic oscilloscope controls include vertical, horizontal, or timebase and trigger. In Figure 3, these appear, in that order from left to right, as pull-down menus on the menu bar. These controls are duplicated on the front panel and grouped under the same headings. Either of the control types can be used.

Vertical controls, either on the front panel or on the screen, are used to set up the individual input channels. Selecting a channel creates a dialog box for controlling the corresponding channel. The vertical channel controls include vertical sensitivity (volts/div) and offset. The channel setup controls include coupling, bandwidth, rescaling, and processing (Figure 4).

Figure 4 The vertical channel setup includes the principal controls, including vertical scaling, offset, and coupling. Source: Arthur Pini

The vertical scaling should be set so that the waveform is as close to full scale as possible to maximize the oscilloscope’s dynamic range. This oscilloscope has a “Find Scale” function icon the channel setup, which will scale the vertical gain and offset to get the waveform centered on the screen with a reasonable amplitude. It is good practice not to overdrive the input amplifier by having the waveform exceed the selected full-scale voltage limits. Use the zoom display to expand the trace for a closer look at tiny features. The offset control centers the waveform on the display. Coupling offers a choice of a 50 Ω DC coupling or 1 MΩ input termination and AC or DC coupling.

The other controls include a selection of input bandwidth limiting filters, the ability to rescale the voltage reading based on the probe attenuation factor, and the ability to rescale the amplitude reading in a sensor or a probe’s units of measure (e.g., amperes for a current probe). Signal processing in the form of averaging or digital (noise) filtering can be applied to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the acquired signals.

Channel annotation boxes, like the one labeled C1 in Figure 4, show the vertical scale setting, offset, and coupling for channel 1. When the cursors are turned on, cursor amplitude readouts can also appear in this box.

Timebase settings

Selecting “Horizontal Settings” from the “Timebase” pull-down menu or using the front panel horizontal controls adjusts the horizontal scaling and delay of the horizontal axis, the acquisition sampling modes, the acquisition memory length, and the sampling rate (Figure 5).

Figure 5 The timebase setup controls the sampling mode, horizontal scale, time delay, and acquisition setup. Source: Arthur Pini

The “Horizontal” controls simultaneously affect all the input channels. Generally, three standard sampling modes are real-time, sequence, and roll mode. Real-time is the normal default mode, sampling the input signal at the sampling rate for the entire duration set by the horizontal scale. Sequence mode breaks the acquisition memory into a user-set number of segments and triggers and acquires a signal in each segment before displaying them. Sequence mode acquisitions provide a minimum dead time between acquisitions. Roll mode is for long acquisition times with low sampling rates. Data is written to the display as it is acquired, producing a display that looks like a strip chart recorder.

The time per division (T/div) setting sets the horizontal time scale. The acquisition duration will be ten times the T/div setting. The acquisition delay shifts the trigger point on the display. The default delay is zero. Negative delays shift the trace to the left, and positive delays shift it to the right.

The “Maximum Sample Points” field sets the maximum length of the acquisition memory. By selecting “Set Maximum Memory”, the memory length varies as the T/div setting is changed until the maximum memory is allocated. Beyond that point, increasing the T/div will cause the sampling rate to drop. Basically, the time duration of the acquisition is equal to the number of samples in the memory divided by the sampling rate. If the fixed sampling rate mode is selected, the oscilloscope sampling rate will remain at the user-entered sampling rate as the T/div setting changes. The T/div setting will be restricted to settings compatible with the selected sampling rate.

The sample rate also affects the span of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) math operation, while the time duration of the acquisition affects its frequency resolution.

This oscilloscope allows the user to select the number of active channels. Note that the memory is shared among the active channels.   

The “Navigation Reference” setting controls how the oscilloscope behaves when you adjust T/div. The centered (50%) selection keeps the current center time point fixed, and other events move about the center as T/div changes. With this setting, the trigger point could move off the grid as the scale changes. The “Lock to Trigger” setting holds the trigger point location fixed. The trigger event remains in place as T/div changes, while other events move about the trigger location.

Basic trigger settings

Oscilloscopes require a trigger, usually derived from or synchronous with the acquired waveform. The function of the trigger is to allow the acquired waveform to be displayed stably. The trigger setup, either on the front panel or using the “Trigger” pulldown provides access to the trigger setup dialog box (Figure 6).

Figure 6 The basic setup for an edge trigger will allow the acquired waveform to be displayed stably. Source: Arthur Pini

The edge trigger is the traditional default trigger type. In edge trigger, the scope is triggered when the source trace crosses the trigger threshold voltage level with the user-specified positive or negative slope. Trigger sources can be any input channel, or an external trigger applied to the EXT. input. Edge trigger is the most commonly used trigger method and is selected in the figure. The current scope settings shown use channel 1 as the trigger source. The trigger is DC coupled with a trigger threshold level of nominally 500 millivolts (mV) and a positive slope. Note the “Find Level” button in the “Level” field will automatically find the trigger level of the source signal. The trigger annotation box on the right side of the screen summarizes selected trigger settings.

The trigger mode, which can be stop, automatic (auto), normal, or single, is selected from the trigger pulldown menu. The trigger mode determines how often the instrument acquires a signal. The default trigger mode is auto; in this mode, if a trigger event does not occur within a preset time period, one will be forced. This guarantees that something will be displayed. Normal trigger mode arms the oscilloscope for a trigger. When the trigger event occurs, it acquires a trace which is then displayed. After the acquisition is complete, the trigger automatically re-arms the instrument for the next trigger. Traces are displayed continuously as the trigger events occur. If there are no trigger events, acquisitions stop until one occurs.

In single mode, the user arms the trigger manually. The oscilloscope waits until the trigger event occurs and makes one acquisition, which is displayed. It then stops until it is again re-armed. If a valid trigger does not occur, invoking Single a second time will force a trigger and display the acquisition. Stop mode ceases acquisitions until one of the other three modes is evoked. Other, more complex triggers are available for more complex triggering requirements; however, they are beyond the scope of this article.

Display

The oscilloscope display is controlled from the display pull-down menu. The type of display can be selected from the pull-down, or the “Display Setup” can be opened (Figure 7).

Figure 7 “Display Setup” allows for the selection of the number of grids and other display-related settings. This example shows the selection of a quad grid with four traces. Source: Arthur Pini

This oscilloscope allows the user to select the number of displayed grids. There is also an “Auto Grid” selection, which turns on a new grid when each trace is activated. Multiple traces can be located in each grid, allowing comparison of the waveforms. Having a single trace in each grid provides an unimpeded view while maintaining the full dynamic range of the acquisition. In addition to normal amplitude versus time displays, the “Display Setup” includes cross plots of two traces producing an X-Y plot.

Display expansion-zoom

Zoom magnifies the view of a trace horizontally and vertically. The traditional method to leverage the zoom functions uses the pull-down “Math” menu to open “Zoom Setup” as shown in Figure 8.

Figure 8 Zoom traces can be turned on using the Zoom Setup under the Math pull-down menu. Source: Arthur Pini

Many oscilloscopes have a “Zoom” button on the front panel to open a zoom trace for each displayed waveform. Oscilloscopes with touch screens support drop and drag zoom. Touch the trace near the area to be expanded and then drag the finger diagonally. A box will be displayed; continue dragging your finger until the box encloses the area to be expanded. Remove the finger, and the zoom trace can be selected to show the expanded waveform.

A quick start guide

This should get you started. Most Windows-based oscilloscopes have built-in help screens that may be context-sensitive and provide helpful information about settings. If you get stuck, contact the manufacturer’s customer service line; they will get you going quickly. If all else fails, consider reading the manual.

Arthur Pini is a technical support specialist and electrical engineer with over 50 years of experience in electronics test and measurement.

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🇺🇦🇮🇹 IX День італійського дизайну kpi пт, 02/07/2025 - 18:30

НАЗК оголосило добір на 5 вакансій kpi пт, 02/07/2025 - 17:03

I really like the flexible section instead of using a connector or soldering it in place. submitted by /u/Rockroxx [link] [comments]

📰 Газета "Київський політехнік" № 5-6 за 2025 (.pdf) kpi пт, 02/07/2025 - 13:05

🎥 Друга автономна сонячна електростанція у КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського! kpi пт, 02/07/2025 - 11:19

Teledyne’s TDSW050A2T wideband RF switch operates from DC to 50 GHz with low insertion loss and high isolation. The radiation-tolerant device, fabricated with 150-nm pHEMT InGaAs technology, is well-suited for complex aerospace and defense applications.

Based on a MMIC design process, the reflective SPDT switch maintains high performance across frequencies, including millimeter-wave bands. It has a typical input P1dB of 23 dBm and port isolation of 23 dB at 50 GHz. The TDSW050A2T operates from ±5-V power supplies with minimal DC power consumption and is controlled with TTL-compatible voltage levels.

The switch withstands 100 krads (Si) TID, making it useful for satellite systems exposed to radiation. It meets MIL-PRF-38534 Class K equivalency for space applications and operates over an extended temperature range of -40°C to +85°C. The TDSW050A2T is supplied as a 1.15×1.47×0.1-mm die for hybrid assembly integration.

The TDSW050A2T RF switch is available now for immediate shipment from Teledyne HiRel and authorized distributors.

TDSW050A2T product page

Teledyne HiRel Semiconductors

Find more datasheets on products like this one at Datasheets.com, searchable by category, part #, description, manufacturer, and more.

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Vishay has launched 16 SiC Schottky diodes with 650-V and 1200-V ratings in SOT-227 packages, enhancing efficiency in high-frequency applications. The devices offer, according to the manufacturer, the best trade-off between capacitive charge (QC) and forward voltage drop in their class.

The recently released components include dual diodes in parallel configuration with total forward current ratings ranging from 40 A to 240 A, along with single-phase bridge devices rated at 50 A and 90 A. The diodes feature a forward voltage drop as low as 1.36 V, reducing conduction losses and improving efficiency. They also offer better reverse recovery parameters than Si-based diodes, with virtually no recovery tail.

The SOT-227 package aids efficiency through improved thermal management and reduced parasitic inductance and resistance. The diodes’ low QC down to 56 nC enables high-speed switching, while their industry-standard package provides a drop-in replacement for competing solutions.

Samples and production quantities of the SiC Schottky diodes are available now, with lead times of 18 weeks. To access the datasheets for the dual-diode and single-phase bridge devices, click here.

Vishay Intertechnology 

Find more datasheets on products like this one at Datasheets.com, searchable by category, part #, description, manufacturer, and more.

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Integrating an efficient boost regulator, the nPM2100 PMIC from Nordic Semiconductor prolongs the life of primary non-rechargeable batteries. Along with a range of energy-saving features, the device ensures that the full charge is used before the cell is discarded.

Powered by an input voltage range of 0.7 V to 3.4 V, the nPM2100’s boost regulator provides an output voltage from 1.8 V to 3.3 V, with a maximum current of 150 mA. It also drives a load switch/LDO, supplying up to 50 mA across an output range of 0.8 V to 3.0 V. The regulator features a quiescent current of 150 nA, with power conversion efficiency of up to 95% at 50 mA and 90.5% at 10 µA.

The nPM2100 manages the power supply for low-power SoCs and MCUs, including Nordic’s nRF52, nRF53, and nRF54 series of wireless multiprotocol devices. Configured via an I2C-compatible two-wire interface, it provides easy access to advanced functions such as ship mode and battery fuel gauging. Additionally, the PMIC furnishes two GPIOs that can be repurposed for time-critical control functions, offering an alternative to serial communication.

Ship mode supports a 35-nA sleep current with multiple wakeup options, including a break-to-wake function that allows a buttonless product to wake from ship mode when an electrical connection is broken. The voltage- and temperature-based fuel gauge runs on the host microprocessor, providing accurate battery level measurements and ensuring full access to the battery’s energy.

Samples of the nPM2100 are now available in a 1.9×1.9-mm WLCSP, with additional variants to be offered in 4×4-mm QFN packages. Volume production is expected in the first half of 2025.

nPM2100 product page

Nordic Semiconductor 

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Outfitted with an Altera Agilex 7 FPGA, Hitek’s eSOM7 embedded system-on-module pairs with ADI’s Apollo Mixed Signal Front End (MxFE) AD9084/AD9088 evaluation boards. This combined wideband development setup enables customers to seamlessly evaluate and develop high-performance Apollo MxFE-based wireless products in conjunction with Agilex 7 FPGAs.

The Hitek development platform includes two modules: the eSOM7, featuring two 400-pin high-speed mezzanine connectors, and a carrier board that breaks out the FPGA’s SERDES and I/Os. The eSOM7’s Agilex 7 F-tile FPGA integrates hard IP for networking up to 400G Ethernet and PCIe Gen 4. Adding soft IP such as JESD204C, a UDP/IP offload engine (UOE), and DIFI enables an optimized front-end processing and transport design.

For flexibility, designers can choose between two eSOM7 variants: the eSOM7-4F (four F-tiles), which supports all MxFE ADC/DAC channels, or the eSOM7-2F (two F-tiles), which supports half. The carrier module includes a VITA57.4 FMC+ connector with level translation and control logic to interface with ADI’s Apollo MxFE evaluation boards.

The high-performance platform eases the development of a wide range of applications, including radar, electronic warfare systems, phase array antennas, broadband and satellite communication systems, and electronic test and measurement systems.

The HiTek development platform with the eSOM7-2F is available now. The version featuring the eSOM7-4F will be available in Q1 2025. To learn more, click here.

Hitek Systems

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HighTec’s Rust compiler now supports ST’s Stellar automotive MCUs, accelerating safety-critical system development for software-defined vehicles (SDVs). Stellar 28-nm MCUs are certified to ISO 26262 ASIL D, the highest level of risk management, while the Rust compiler is qualified to the same safety level.

Rust’s safety, performance, and reliability make it an emerging choice for automotive mission-critical systems. It includes provisions to safeguard memory, process threads, and data types, with runtime efficiency comparable to C/C++ in execution time and memory usage. HighTec’s C/C++ and Rust compilers enable the integration of newly developed Rust code, with its inherent safety benefits, alongside legacy C/C++ code.

ST’s Stellar automotive MCUs feature Arm Cortex-R52+ cores and a safety-focused architecture. In addition to ISO 26262 ASIL D certification, they comply with ISO 21434 cybersecurity standards and UN155 requirements, ensuring alignment with the latest safety and security standards.

For more information about the HighTec ASIL D Rust compiler for ST’s Stellar 32-bit automotive MCUs, click here.

HighTec EDV-Systeme

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Mining firm Nimy Resources Ltd of Perth, Western Australia has executed a non-binding collaboration agreement with Nevada-based M2i Global Inc (Minerals Metals Initiatives) to assure a supply of gallium in support of the US Department of Defense (DOD)...

Шаховий турнір, присвячений одному року смарт-укриттю Clust space kpi чт, 02/06/2025 - 17:11

Modern cars’ capture of advanced features for safety, driver assistance, and infotainment is now intrinsically tied to software-defined vehicles (SDVs), which automakers have already accomplished using lower levels of software based on closed-source, proprietary solutions. However, an SDV can be defined in six levels, with a true SDV starting at level three.

Moritz Neukirchner explains these six levels and argues that open-source software will be crucial in realizing proprietary alternatives for SDVs. While acknowledging that design teams have tried and failed to develop safety-centric, Linux-based solutions for automotive, he provides an update on Linux solutions’ recent progress in incorporating safety functionality into SDVs.

Read the full story at EDN’s sister publication, EE Times.

 

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The post Will open-source software come to SDV rescue? appeared first on EDN.

Technology intelligence and IP strategy consulting company KnowMade says that, for fourth-quarter 2024, its quarterly SiC Patent Monitor shows robust growth, with over 900 new patent families and 400 newly granted patents. This period saw over 100 patents expire or be abandoned and involved seven notable patent transfers...